{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:30:26Z","timestamp":1768879826780,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A modified version of a common global optimization method named controlled random search is presented here. This method is designed to estimate the global minimum of multidimensional symmetric and asymmetric functional problems. The new method modifies the original algorithm by incorporating a new sampling method, a new termination rule and the periodical application of a local search optimization algorithm to the points sampled. The new version is compared against the original using some benchmark functions from the relevant literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13111981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T22:07:04Z","timestamp":1634767624000},"page":"1981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Improved Controlled Random Search Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Charilogis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 471 00 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Tsoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 471 00 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9043-1290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Tzallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 471 00 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Anastasopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering and Information Department, University of Patras, 265 04 Rio Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"T\u00f6rn, A., and \u017dilinskas, A. (1987). Global Optimization Volume 350 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(97)00107-8","article-title":"Multi-objective global optimization for hydrologic models","volume":"204","author":"Yapo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1029\/91WR02985","article-title":"Effective and efficient global optimization for conceptual rainfall-runoff models","volume":"28","author":"Duan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5432.1368","article-title":"Global Optimization of Clusters, Crystals, and Biomolecules","volume":"27","author":"Wales","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01096719","article-title":"Optimization methods for computing global minima of nonconvex potential energy functions","volume":"4","author":"Pardalos","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Glob. Optim."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goryanin, I., and Goryachev, A. (2012). Global Optimization in Systems Biology: Stochastic Methods and Their Applications. Advances in Systems Biology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7210-1"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2932","article-title":"Global optimization of somatic variant identification in cancer genomes with a global community challenge","volume":"46","author":"Boutros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2003.814889","article-title":"Particle swarm optimization to solving the economic dispatch considering the generator constraints","volume":"18","author":"Gaing","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Syst."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671","article-title":"Optimization by simulated annealing","volume":"220","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7177(89)90202-1","article-title":"Very fast simulated re-annealing","volume":"12","author":"Ingber","year":"1989","journal-title":"Math. Comput. Model."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"271","article-title":"Simulated annealing: A tool for operational research","volume":"46","author":"Eglese","year":"1990","journal-title":"Simulated Anneal. Tool Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Goldberg, D. (1989). Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michaelewicz, Z. (1996). Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03315-9"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2004.05.007","article-title":"Placement of wind turbines using genetic algorithms","volume":"30","author":"Grady","year":"2005","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-009-0596-2","article-title":"Hybrid scatter tabu search for unconstrained global optimization","volume":"183","author":"Duarte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Kennedy, J., and Eberhart, R. (December, January 27). Particle swarm optimization. Proceedings of the ICNN\u201995\u2014International Conference on Neural Networks, Perth, WA, Australia."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11721-007-0002-0","article-title":"Particle swarm optimization An Overview","volume":"1","author":"Poli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Swarm Intell."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0190(02)00447-7","article-title":"The particle swarm optimization algorithm: Convergence analysis and parameter selection","volume":"85","author":"Trelea","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/20.4.367","article-title":"Global Optimization by Controlled Random Search","volume":"20","author":"Price","year":"1977","journal-title":"Comput. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1444850","article-title":"Constrained inversion of seismic refraction data using the controlled random search","volume":"65","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jappgeo.2014.11.014","article-title":"VES\/TEM 1D joint inversion by using Controlled Random Search (CRS) algorithm","volume":"112","author":"Bortolozo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008380715489","article-title":"Genetic and Random Search Methods in Optimal Shape Design Problems","volume":"16","author":"Haslinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Glob. Optim."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"284","article-title":"Use of \u201cControlled Random Search Technique for Global Optimization\u201d in Animal Diet Problem","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00231-006-0185-8","article-title":"Controlled random search technique for estimation of convective heat transfer coefficient","volume":"43","author":"Mehta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heat. Mass. Transfer."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/00207169408804329","article-title":"Modified Controlled Random Search Algorithms","volume":"53","author":"Ali","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Math."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Leone, R., Murli, A., Pardalos, P.M., and Toraldo, G. (1998). A Controlled Random Search Algorithm with Local Newton-type Search for Global Optimization. High Performance Algorithms and Software in Nonlinear Optimization. Applied Optimization, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-3279-4"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1137\/S1052623495295250","article-title":"Curvilinear stabilization techniques for truncated Newton methods in large scale unconstrained optimization","volume":"8","author":"Lucidi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Siam J. Optim."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10957-006-9101-0","article-title":"Some Variants of the Controlled Random Search Algorithm for Global Optimization","volume":"130","author":"Kaelo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Optim. Appl."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Manzanares-filho, N., and Albuquerque, R.B.F. (2008, January 1\u20135). Accelerating Controlled Random Search Algorithms Using a Distribution Strategy. Proceedings of the EngOpt 2008\u2014International Conference on Engineering Optimization, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2005.09.007","article-title":"Genetically controlled random search: A global optimization method for continuous multidimensional functions","volume":"174","author":"Tsoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"598","article-title":"Modifications of real code genetic algorithm for global optimization","volume":"203","author":"Tsoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-004-9972-2","article-title":"A Numerical Evaluation of Several Stochastic Algorithms on Selected Continuous Global Optimization Test Problems","volume":"31","author":"Ali","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Glob. Optim."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Floudas, C.A., Pardalos, P.M., Adjiman, C., Esposoto, W., G\u00fcm\u00fcs, Z., Harding, S., Klepeis, J., Meyer, C., and Schweiger, C. (1999). Handbook of Test Problems in Local and Global Optimization, Kluwer Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3040-1"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1145\/962437.962444","article-title":"Software for generation of classes of test functions with known local and global minima for global optimization","volume":"29","author":"Gaviano","year":"2003","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01589118","article-title":"A Tolerant Algorithm for Linearly Constrained Optimization Calculations","volume":"45","author":"Powell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Math. Program."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/11\/1981\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:18:51Z","timestamp":1760167131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/11\/1981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["sym13111981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym13111981","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]}}}