{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T11:54:41Z","timestamp":1769169281852,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51690182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51690182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Machine and High Voltage Apparatus, ministry of Education","award":["KFKT202108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFKT202108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, with the development of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), the application of PMLSM has not been limited only to the high-end equipment field; the primary stator discontinuous segmented-PMLSM (DSPMLSM), which consists of multiple primary stators and one mover, has also been applied in long-distance transportation systems, such as electromagnetic launch, high precision material transport, etc. Compared with the symmetry phase parameters of conventional PMLSM, the stationary electrical parameters vary when the mover enters and leaves the primary stators (the inter-segment region). At the same time, due to the sectional power supply, there will be primary suction or pulling force when the mover enters and exits the inter-segment region, which will lead to large thrust fluctuation and result in lager position error. This paper proposed a related drive and control strategy about the DSPMLSM system, which improved the position tracking accuracy during the full range of DSPMLSM. First, the parameter variation between stator segments has been analyzed through finite element simulation of DSPMLSM. Then, a double closed-loop series control structure of position-current is designed, in which a PI-Lead controller was adopted for the position loop and a PI controller was adopted for the current loop. In order to improve the position tracking accuracy of DSPMLSM, a thrust fluctuation extended state observer (TFESO) was adopted to observe and compensate the complex thrust disturbances such as cogging force, friction and other unmodeled thrust fluctuation. At last, the DSPMLSM experimental stage was established, and the experimental results show that the proposed driver and control theory can effectively improve the position tracking accuracy of the whole stroke of DSPMLSM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13112216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T21:00:50Z","timestamp":1637528450000},"page":"2216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Driver and Control Method for Primary Stator Discontinuous Segmented-PMLSM"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mingyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4920-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9905","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2814014","article-title":"Inner Loop Design for PMLSM Drives with Thrust Ripple Compensation and High-Performance Current Control","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Overview on a significant technology of modern aircraft carrier-electromagnetic aircraft launch system","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ship Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2007.905941","article-title":"Speed Sensorless Control of a Long-Stator Linear Synchronous Motor Arranged in Multiple Segments","volume":"54","author":"Leidhold","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2030234","article-title":"Optimizing Operation of Segmented Stator Linear Synchronous Motors","volume":"97","author":"Perreault","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2007.893297","article-title":"Cogging Force Verification by Deforming the Shape of the Outlet Edge at the Armature of a Stationary Discontinuous Armature PM-LSM","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2009.2020547","article-title":"Cogging Force Reduction of a Stationary Discontinuous Armature PM-LSM by Magnet Segmentation","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nevaranta, N., Huikuri, M., Niemel\u00e4, M., and Pyrh\u00f6nen, J. (2017, January 11\u201314). Cogging Force Compensation of a Discontinuous Permanent Magnet Track Linear Motor Drive. Proceedings of the 2017 19th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE\u201917 ECCE Europe), Warsaw, Poland.","DOI":"10.23919\/EPE17ECCEEurope.2017.8099188"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"46","article-title":"Inductance Analysis in Pass-Through Section for Multi-Segmented Permanent Magnet Linear Motors Based on Magnetic Energy Perturbation","volume":"28","author":"Liyi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans. China Electrotech. Soc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, M., Li, L., Zhang, J., Yu, J., and Zhang, H. (2015). Investigation of Cross-Coupling Inductances for Long-Stator PM Linear Motor Arranged in Multiple Segments. IEEE Trans. Magn., 51.","DOI":"10.1109\/INTMAG.2015.7156724"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Guo, K., Li, Y., Shi, L., Zhou, S., Liu, J., and Fan, M. (2021). Non-Linear Mathematic Model of a Segmented Powered Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Machine. Trans. China Electrotech. Soc., 1126\u20131137. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, K., Kim, Y., and Dohmeki, H. (2008, January 6\u20139). Proposal of The Section Change Method of The Stator Block of The Discontinuous Stator Permanent Magnet Type Linear Synchronous Motor Aimed At Long-Distance Transportation. Proceedings of the 2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines, Vilamoura, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICELMACH.2008.4800170"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2011.2148685","article-title":"Driving Method of Permanent-Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor with the Stationary Discontinuous Armature for Long-Distance Transportation System","volume":"59","author":"Suzuki","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Li, L., Zhu, H., and Chan, C.C. (2014). Optimal inter-segment thrust control applied in primary winding segmented PMLSM. Electr. Mach. Control., 79\u201387."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Rovers, J.M.M., Jansen, J.W., and Lomonova, E.A. (2008, January 17\u201320). Novel Force Ripple Eduction Method for A Moving-Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor with A Segmented Stator. Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Wuhan, China."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Q., Yao, Y., Ye, Y., and Dong, J. (2016, January 6\u20138). Research on Ropeless Elevator Driven by PMLSM. Proceedings of the 2016 Eleventh International Con-ference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER), Monte Carlo, Monaco.","DOI":"10.1109\/EVER.2016.7476386"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1109\/TPS.2013.2249115","article-title":"Comparison of the Two Current Predictive-Control Methods for a Segment-Winding Permanent-Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor","volume":"41","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102467","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2998731","article-title":"Sensorless Control of Segmented PMLSM for Long-Distance Au-to-Transportation System Based on Parameter Calibration","volume":"8","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138904","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2930047","article-title":"Research on High Efficiency V\/f Control of Segment Winding Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor","volume":"7","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2008.2011621","article-title":"From PID to Active Disturbance Rejection Control","volume":"56","author":"Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Gao, Z. (2003, January 4\u20136). Scaling and Bandwidth-Parameterization Based Controller Tuning. Proceedings of the 2003 American Control Conference, Denver, CO, USA."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/11\/2216\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:32:58Z","timestamp":1760167978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/11\/2216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["sym13112216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym13112216","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]}}}