{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T19:19:23Z","timestamp":1782328763845,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Creative Talents Project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education","award":["2020KQNCX203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KQNCX203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a new type of terahertz (THz) metamaterial (MM) modulator has been presented with bifunctional properties based on vanadium dioxide (VO2). The design consists of a VO2 resonator, polyimide substrate, frequency selective surface (FSS) layer, and VO2 film. Based on the metal-insulator transition (MIT) of VO2, this structure integrated with VO2 material can achieve the dynamic modulation on both transmission and reflection waves at 2.5 THz by varying the electrical conductivity value of VO2. Meanwhile, it also exhibits adjustable absorption performance across the whole band from 0.5\u20137 THz. At the lower conductivity (\u03c3 = 25 S\/m), this structure can act as a bandpass FSS, and, at the high conductivity (\u03c3 = 2 \u00d7 105 S\/m), it behaves like a wideband absorber covering 2.52\u20136.06 THz with absorption A &gt; 0.9, which realizes asymmetric transmission. The surface electric field distributions are illustrated to provide some insight into the physical mechanism of dynamic modulation. From the simulated results, it can be observed that this design has the capability of controlling tunable manipulation on both transmission\/reflection responses at a wide frequency band. This proposed design may pave a novel pathway towards thermal imaging, terahertz detection, active modulators, etc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13112230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T03:12:40Z","timestamp":1638328360000},"page":"2230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Terahertz Metamaterial Modulator Based on Phase Change Material VO2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9461-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanfei","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Industries Training Centre, Shenzhen Polytechnic (SZPT), Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingwang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industries Training Centre, Shenzhen Polytechnic (SZPT), Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaosheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingtuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-An","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25902","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.025902","article-title":"Metamaterial absorber with independently tunable amplitude and frequency in the terahertz regime","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. 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