{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T05:26:00Z","timestamp":1769837160299,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012149","name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 61827801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 61827801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ISN State Key Laboratory fund","award":["No. ISN22-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. ISN22-11"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. NS2020063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. NS2020063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. NS2020026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. NS2020026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the number of civil aerial vehicles increase explosively, spectrum scarcity and security become an increasingly challenge in both the airspace and terrestrial space. To address this difficulty, this paper presents an unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted (UAV-assisted) spectrum mapping system and a spectrum data reconstruction algorithm driven by spectrum data and channel model are proposed. The reconstruction algorithm, which includes a model-driven spectrum data inference method and a spectrum data completion method with uniformity decision mechanism, can reconstruct limited and incomplete spectrum data to a three-dimensional (3D) spectrum map. As a result, spectrum scarcity and security can be achieved. Spectrum mapping is a symmetry-based digital twin technology. By employing an uniformity decision mechanism, the proposed completion method can effectively interpolate spatial data even when the collected data are unevenly distributed. The effectiveness of the proposed mapping scheme is evaluated by comparing its results with the ray-tracing simulated data of the campus scenario. Simulation results show that the proposed reconstruction algorithm outperforms the classical inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method and the tensor completion method by about 12.5% and 92.3%, respectively, in terms of reconstruction accuracy when the collected spectrum data are regularly missing, unevenly distributed and limited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13122308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T02:48:13Z","timestamp":1638845293000},"page":"2308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["UAV-Assisted Three-Dimensional Spectrum Mapping Driven by Spectrum Data and Channel Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiaofu","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4995-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}]},{"given":"Guoru","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"},{"name":"College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University, Nanjing 210007, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9769-8024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6796-8364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qihui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}]},{"given":"Tianxu","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}]},{"given":"Weizhi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"},{"name":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Tang, M., Zheng, Z., and Ding, G. 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