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It is necessary for manufacturers to fully understand the notion of symmetry in balancing economic and environmental indicators. To improve the search efficiency, the population was randomly categorized into a number of subpopulations, then several groups were constructed based on the quality of subpopulations. A different search strategy was executed in each group to maintain the population diversity. The historical optimization data were also used to enhance the quality of solutions. Finally, extensive experiments were conducted. The results demonstrate that MPABC can achieve an outstanding performance on three metrics DIR, c and nd for the considered EHFSP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13122421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T22:06:10Z","timestamp":1639519570000},"page":"2421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["A Novel Multi-Population Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling Problem"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6452-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yandi","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tierui","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2006.06.060","article-title":"A survey of scheduling problems with setup times or costs","volume":"187","author":"Allahverdi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. 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