{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T18:31:21Z","timestamp":1763058681181,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Penelitian Dasar Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi","award":["1\/E1\/KP.PTNBH\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/E1\/KP.PTNBH\/2021"]}]},{"name":"KEMITRAAN DASAR-NUSANTARA","award":["340\/E4.1\/AK.04.PT\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340\/E4.1\/AK.04.PT\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is well understood that nonlinear optical (NLO) phenomena are deeply related to the material\u2019s symmetry. Mathematically, the material symmetry can be described in terms of the nonzero parameters in the nonlinear susceptibility tensors. Generally, more complex structures involve more nonzero parameters in the tensor. The number of parameters increases rapidly if higher NLO orders are considered, complicating the physical analysis. Conventionally, these parameters are obtained via abstract symmetry analysis, e.g., group theory (GT). This work presents a novel theoretical analysis to approach the nonlinear tensor using the simplified bond hyperpolarizability model (SBHM) and compare it with GT. Our analysis is based on a light\u2013matter interaction classical phenomenological physical framework. Rather than just looking at the symmetry of the crystal, the model applies physical considerations requiring fewer independent parameters in the tensor than GT. Such a simplification significantly improves the determination of the surface\u2013bulk SHG contribution factors, which cannot be extracted from the experiment alone. We also show for the case of perovskite that the SHG contribution can be addressed solely from their surface dipoles with only one independent component in the tensor. Therefore, this work may open the path for a similar analysis in other complicated semiconductor surfaces and structures in the future, with potential applications to nanoscale surface characterization and real-time surface deposition monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14010127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T22:03:13Z","timestamp":1641852193000},"page":"127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Quo Vadis Nonlinear Optics? An Alternative and Simple Approach to Third Rank Tensors in Semiconductors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9123-4539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendradi","family":"Hardhienata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, IPB University, Meranti Avenue, Wing S Building, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"CNRS International NTU THALES Research Alliances\/UMI 3288 (CINTRA), Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6, Singapore 637553, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6409-0223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salim","family":"Faci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNAM, CNRS, ESYCOM, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, 292 Rue Saint-Martin, 75003 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1841-2228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adalberto","family":"Alejo-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Science (CIICAp), Institute for Research in Pure and Applied Science (IICBA), UAEM Cuernavaca, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ryan","family":"Priatama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, IPB University, Meranti Avenue, Wing S Building, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-3267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Husin","family":"Alatas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, IPB University, Meranti Avenue, Wing S Building, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9997-6841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Danang","family":"Birowosuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS International NTU THALES Research Alliances\/UMI 3288 (CINTRA), Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6, Singapore 637553, Singapore"},{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stab\u0142owicka 147, 54-066 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.7.118","article-title":"Generation of optical harmonics","volume":"7","author":"Franken","year":"1961","journal-title":"Phys. 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