{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T23:26:16Z","timestamp":1776209176646,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Project of Science and Technology Plan in Yuhua District, Changsha City","award":["YHKJ2019-ZG-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YHKJ2019-ZG-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper establishes a three-dimensional symmetrical shield model to investigate the influence of a double-line shield tunnel undercrossing an existing foundation pit and of changed grouting pressure on the deformation and mechanical characteristics of both the foundation pit and the tunnel itself, and it proposes a method of symmetrical segmented pressure, in which different grouting pressure is applied in different sections of the tunnel. The monitoring data are used to verify the reliability of the model, and the maximum relative error is 5.44%. The numerical results show that the maximum subsidence of the retaining pile and anchor are 3.76 mm and 10.33 mm, respectively, and the maximum tensile stress of the anchor is increased by 32.4%. The subsidence shape of the foundation pit raft is an arch with four corners warping upward and the maximum subsidence difference is 3.17 mm. Uneven subsidence of the tunnel occurs along the longitudinal direction, and large and small subsidences are located at the outside and underpart of the foundation pit, respectively, and the maximum and minimum values are 11.15 mm and 2.13 mm, respectively, and the maximum subsidence difference is 9.02 mm. The deformation and mechanical characteristics of both the foundation pit and the tunnel are significantly decreased by appropriately increasing the grouting pressure, and it is recommended that the grouting pressure should not exceed 300 kPa. The proposed method of segmented pressure can reduce the differential subsidence by 47.2% and the maximum tensile stress by 27.2%, so it can significantly reduce the uneven subsidence of the tunnel and improve the tunnel stress condition. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the safe construction of shield tunnels under the existing foundation pit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14020263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:12:56Z","timestamp":1643501576000},"page":"263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Deformation and Mechanical Characteristics of Existing Foundation Pit and Tunnel Itself Caused by Shield Tunnel Undercrossing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1750-4806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Lou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Heavy Railway Engineering Structure of Education Ministry, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shide","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCFEB Civil Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCFEB Civil Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCFEB Civil Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2013.11.008","article-title":"Geotechnical influence on existing subway tunnels induced by multiline tunneling in Shanghai soft soil","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. 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