{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:31:38Z","timestamp":1776731498299,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tunnel construction will inevitably change the surrounding soil\u2019s original stress and displacement fields, affecting the surrounding piles. In addition, the lateral displacement of the soil at the subway tunnel\u2019s face is symmetrically distributed along the tunnel\u2019s central axis, which is greater in the center and smaller on both sides. Therefore, the protection of existing piles and providing a reasonable reinforcement plan have become the focus of attention. Taking a section of Tianjin Metro Line 3 as the research object, this paper studies the influence of the shield tunnel excavation process on the existing pile foundation through three-dimensional finite element simulation. The model has been verified through field monitoring data. Then, parameter analysis has been carried out for two reinforcement measures: grout reinforcement and isolation pile construction. According to the research results, the impact of shield construction on the pile foundation is mainly within the range of twice tunnel diameter to the pile foundation from the front and back of the tunnel face. In addition, the grouting reinforcement has better control of the vertical displacement of the existing pile foundation. The construction of isolation piles can better control the lateral displacement of the existing pile foundation. Have certain reference significance for similar projects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14020288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T08:20:29Z","timestamp":1643617229000},"page":"288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Numerical Study on the Reinforcement Measures of Tunneling on Adjacent Piles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hongsheng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5342-2595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3997-8009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mo\u2019men","family":"Ayasrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication and Transportation Engineering, School of Transportation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Chuanbang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Municipal Engineering Zhongnan Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Haikou 570105, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-6881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luo","family":"Gang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Influences of excavation on adjacent existing metro tunnels: A review","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. 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