{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:48:42Z","timestamp":1760150922366,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on helioseismological measurements (1996\u20132017), the entire Sun shrinks during solar maximum and regrows during the next solar minimum by about a few km (~10\u22125 effect). Here, we observe, for the first time, that the solar radius variation resembles a 225-day relationship that coincides with Venus\u2019 orbital period. We show that a remote link between planet Venus and Sun\u2019s size must be at work. However, within known realms of physics, this is unexpected. Therefore, we can only speculate about its cause. Notably, the driving idea behind this investigation was some generic as-yet-invisible matter from the dark Universe. In fact, the 11-year solar cycle shows planetary relationships for a number of other observables as well. It has been proposed that the cause must be due to some generic streaming invisible massive matter (IMM). As when a low-speed stream is aligned toward the Sun with an intervening planet, the IMM influx increases temporally due to planetary gravitational focusing, assisted eventually with the free fall of incident slow IMM. A case-specific simulation for Venus\u2019 impact supports the tentative scenario based on this investigation\u2019s driving idea. Importantly, Saturn, combined with the innermost planets Mercury or Venus, unambiguously confirms an underlying planetary correlation with the Sun\u2019s size. The impact of the suspected IMM accumulates with time, slowly triggering the underlying process(es); the associated energy change is massive even though it extends from months to several years. This study shows that the Sun\u2019s size response is as short as half the orbital period of Mercury (44 days) or Venus (112 days). Then, the solar system is the target and the antenna of still unidentified external impact, assuming tentatively from the dark sector. If the generic IMM also has some preferential incidence direction, future long-lasting observations of the Sun\u2019s shape might provide an asymmetry that could be utilized to identify the not isotropic influx of the assumed IMM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14020325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:40:18Z","timestamp":1644180018000},"page":"325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["On the Origin of the Rhythmic Sun\u2019s Radius Variation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Zioutas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, University of Patras, GR 26504 Patras-Rio, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1294-1433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Maroudas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, University of Patras, GR 26504 Patras-Rio, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kosovichev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Heliophysics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aac81d","article-title":"Cyclic Changes of the Sun\u2019s Seismic Radius","volume":"861","author":"Kosovichev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Astrophys. 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