{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:56:41Z","timestamp":1760151401051,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Slovak Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic in Educational Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic","award":["VEGA 1\/0513\/22 \u201cInvestigation of the properties of railway brake components in simulated operating conditions on a flywheel brake stand\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0513\/22 \u201cInvestigation of the properties of railway brake components in simulated operating conditions on a flywheel brake stand\u201d"]}]},{"name":"the Cultural and Educational Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic","award":["KEGA 036\u017dU-4\/2021 \u201cImplementation of modern methods of computer and experimental analysis of properties of vehicle components in the education of future vehicle designers\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KEGA 036\u017dU-4\/2021 \u201cImplementation of modern methods of computer and experimental analysis of properties of vehicle components in the education of future vehicle designers\u201d"]}]},{"name":"The state budget of Ukraine in 2020","award":["\u201cInnovative principles for creating resource-saving structures of railroad cars based on the re-fined dynamic loads and functionally adaptive flash-concepts\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cInnovative principles for creating resource-saving structures of railroad cars based on the re-fined dynamic loads and functionally adaptive flash-concepts\u201d"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study concerns dynamic loading on the carrying structure of a flat car with elastic-friction longitudinal beams. The authors built a mathematical model including the vertical displacements in the carrying structure of a flat car symmetrically loaded with four 1 CC containers. The mathematical model was solved with MathCad software. It was found that the maximum accelerations on a flat car were about 2.0 m\/s2. Thus, the accelerations obtained were within the allowable values. The study presents the results of computer modeling of dynamic loads on the carrying structure of a container and a flat car with elastic-friction longitudinal beams. The calculation was made with the finite element method in SolidWorks (CosmosWorks) software. Besides, the authors defined the numerical values of these accelerations and the distribution fields relative to the carrying structure of a container and a flat car. The discordance between the results of the mathematical and computer modeling was about 7%. The research may be useful for those who are concerned about designing innovative rolling stock units and improving the operational efficiency of the rolling stock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14030583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T03:36:23Z","timestamp":1647401783000},"page":"583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determination of Vertical Accelerations in a Symmetrically Loaded Flat Car with Longitudinal Elastic-Frictional Beams"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2387-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleksij","family":"Fomin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cars and Carriage Facilities, State University of Infrastructure and Technologies, Kyrylivska St., 9, 04071 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3928-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juraj","family":"Gerlici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transport and Handling Machines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Glib","family":"Vatulia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Mechanics and Hydraulics, Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Feuerbach Square 7, 61050 Kharkiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8604-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyona","family":"Lovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wagon Engineering and Product Quality, Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Feuerbach Square 7, 61050 Kharkiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3775-6288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kateryna","family":"Kravchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transport and Handling Machines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"843","article-title":"FE numerical tests of railway wagon for intermodal transport according to PN\u2013EU standards","volume":"62","author":"Krason","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nandan, S., Trivedi, R., Kant, S., Ahmad, J., and Maniraj, M. (2020, February 18). Design, Analysis and Prototype Development of Railway Wagons on Different Loading Conditions. Available online: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3539937.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3539937"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Das, A., and Agarwal, G. (2020). Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, Springer."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00030","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/201823500030","article-title":"Design of a new railway wagon for intermodal transport with the adaptable loading platform","volume":"235","year":"2018","journal-title":"MATEC Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"131","article-title":"Theoretical and experimental research of strength properties of spine beam of freight cars. Science and Transport Progress","volume":"1","author":"Neduzha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. Dnipropetr. Natl. Univ. Railw. Transp."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"50","article-title":"Multifunctional configuration for wagon longitudinal tie rod","volume":"1","author":"Sokolov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. Russ. Fed."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lovska, A., Fomin, O., Pistek, V., and Kucera, P. (2020). Dynamic load modelling within combined transport trains during transportation on a railway ferry. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10165710"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"121","article-title":"The choice of constructive solutions for the elements of cars with a small tare weight Science and Transport Progress","volume":"3","author":"Boronenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Dnipropetr. Natl. Univ. Railw. Transp."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2013.01.039","article-title":"Identification causes of cracking on the underframe of wagon for containers transportation\u2014Fatigue strength assessment of wagon welded joints","volume":"31","author":"Milovanovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"53","article-title":"Methods of computational and experimental research of long-base platform design. Collection of scientific works of the State Economic and Technological University of Transport","volume":"28","author":"Donchenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ser. Transp. Syst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"90","article-title":"Research on the strength of the long-base platform","volume":"1","author":"Kelrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull. Volodymyr Dahl East Ukr. Natl. Univ."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1568","article-title":"Modeling and analysis of twenty tonne heavy duty trolley","volume":"2","author":"Swarnakumari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern. J. Innov. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"111","article-title":"Running strength and dynamic tests of the platform car","volume":"31","author":"Chepurnoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull. Natl. Tech. Univ. Kharkiv Polytech. Inst."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, A., and Agarwal, G. (2020). Compression, tension & lifting stability on a meter gauge flat Wagon: An experimental approach. Aust. J. Mech. Eng.","DOI":"10.1080\/14484846.2020.1775007"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3846\/16484142.2015.1020565","article-title":"Determination of the dynamic characteristics of freight wagons with various bogie","volume":"30","author":"Myamlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transport"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012026","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/664\/1\/012026","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental studies of freight wagon Sdggmrss-twin","volume":"664","author":"Stoilov","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"29","article-title":"Selection of constructive solutions for fastening devices for containers and swap bodies on railway platforms","volume":"3","author":"Boronenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Russ. Fed."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"437","article-title":"Prospects for the introduction of wagons with demountable bodies of increased carrying capacity","volume":"3","author":"Boronenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"News Petersburg State Univ. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"127","article-title":"Study of dynamic indicators of flat wagon with load centre shift","volume":"2","author":"Shatunov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Transp. Prog. Bull. Dnipropetr. Natl. Univ. Railw. Transp."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lovska, A., Fomin, O., Pistek, V., and Kucera, P. (2020). Calculation of loads on carrying structures of articulated circular-tube wagons equipped with new draft gear concepts. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10217441"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Lukin, V.V., Shadur, L.A., Koturanov, V.I., Khokhlov, A.A., and Anisimov, P.S. (2000). Design and Calculation of Wagons, UMK MPS Russia."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Domin, Y.V., and Chernyak, G.Y. (2003). Fundamentals of Wagon Dynamics, KUETT. Tutorial."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Prudnikova, V.P. (2009). Maritime State University Named after Admiral G. I. Nevelskoy."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"02037","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/201823002037","article-title":"Optimization of the truss beam. Verification of the calculation results","volume":"230","author":"Vatulia","year":"2018","journal-title":"MATEC Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pistek, V., Kucera, P., Fomin, O., and Lovska, A. (2020). Effective Mistuning Identification Method of Integrated Bladed Discs of Marine Engine Turbochargers. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse8050379"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"889","article-title":"Simulation analysis of the effects of a rail vehicle running with wheel flat","volume":"16","year":"2016","journal-title":"Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37618-5_5","article-title":"New possibilities in creating of effective composite size-stable honeycomb structures designed for space purposes","volume":"1113","author":"Kondratiev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"21","article-title":"Establishing patterns in determining the dynamics and strength of a covered freight car, which exhausted its resource","volume":"6","author":"Oleksij","year":"2020","journal-title":"East. -Eur. J. Enterp. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"69","article-title":"Experimental study of the method of locomotive wheel-rail angle of attack control using acoustic emission","volume":"2","author":"Kliuiev","year":"2018","journal-title":"East. -Eur. J. Progress. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.14311\/AP.2020.60.0478","article-title":"A New fastener to ensure the reliability of a passenger car body on a train ferry","volume":"60","author":"Lovska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Polytech."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fomin, O., Gerlici, J., Gorbunov, M., Vatulia, G., Lovska, A., and Kravchenko, K. (2021). Research into the Strength of an OpenWagon with Double Sidewalls Filled with Aluminium Foam. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14123420"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Vibration stability of spindle nodes in the zone of tool equipment optimal parameters","volume":"72","author":"Krol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus L\u2019Acade\u2019Mie Bulg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50794-7_4","article-title":"Modeling of Spindle Node Dynamics Using the Spectral Analysis Method","volume":"1","author":"Krol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"DSTU 7598:2014 (2015). Freight Wagons. General Requirements for Calculations and Design of New and Modernized Wagons of 1520 mm Track (Non-Self-Propelled), UkrNDNTS."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"GOST 33211-2014 (2016). Freight Wagons. Requirements for Strength and Dynamic Properties, FGUP \u201cSTANDARTINFORM\u201d."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"EN 12663\u20132 (2010). Railway Applications\u2014Structural Requirements of Railway Vehicle Bodies\u2014Part 2: Freight Wagons. B, BDS."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivchenko, G.I., and Medvedev, Y.I. (2014). Mathematical Statistics, LIBROCOM.","DOI":"10.12737\/3297"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Rudenko, V.M. (2012). Mathematical Statistics."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"6","article-title":"Determination of dynamic loading of bearing structures of freight wagons with actual dimensions","volume":"2","author":"Oleksij","year":"2021","journal-title":"East.-Eur. J. Enterp. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Kosmin, V.V. (2007). Fundamentals of Scientific Research, Educational and Methodological Center for Education in Railway Transport."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/3\/583\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:37:16Z","timestamp":1760135836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/3\/583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["sym14030583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym14030583","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]}}}