{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T22:21:23Z","timestamp":1772749283468,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Army Scientific Research","award":["LJ202002C050369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJ202002C050369"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Owning to the fact that ammunition can cause varying degrees of damage to its target, this article presents a damage effectiveness calculation method of hitting targets with ammunition based on Bayesian multinomial distribution to solve the problems of complex processes, few trial times and difficult calculations of damage probability in target-hitting tests with high-tech ammunition, according to a calculation index of damage effectiveness about the occurrence probability of different damage. Based on the concept of symmetry, the idea of \u201cdivide damage level\u2014determine distribution\u2014integrate information\u2014solve distribution\u201d is adopted. Firstly, this paper describes the damage effectiveness test of ammunition attacking targets with multiple distributions; secondly, this paper integrates the damage effectiveness information of ammunition strike targets with Dempster\u2013Shafer evidence theory (D\u2013S evidence theory) and symmetry advantage; finally, this paper attempts to solve the symmetric posterior distribution of damage effectiveness parameters with Bayesian theory and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The result demonstrates that this method is very significant in improving the calculation accuracy of ammunition damage effectiveness, which could describe the damage effectiveness of ammunition in detail by integrating the prior information with multiple types of damage effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14050892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T22:20:20Z","timestamp":1651098020000},"page":"892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Damage Effectiveness Calculation of Hitting Targets with Ammunition Based on Bayesian Multinomial Distribution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Haobang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2165-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianming","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Graswald, M., Robberg, D., and Dorsch, H. 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