{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:31:45Z","timestamp":1760229105767,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Analyzing asymmetry from biomechanical parameters of the lower extremities has become a standard practice for accurate assessment of athletic performance, injury prevention, and rehabilitation. The aims of this study were (1) to determine differences between explosive strength and asymmetry of the lower extremities using kinetic parameters of the CMJ jump test in young female athletics, and (2) to investigate correlation between speed and asymmetry, as speed and kinetic parameters. The two groups of nine female sprinters (mean \u00b1 SD; G1-age 15.6 \u00b1 1.34 years, height 170.1 \u00b1 0.57 cm, body mass 62.54 \u00b1 7.73 kg, and BMI 21.6 \u00b1 2.05; G2-age 16.2 \u00b1 1.3 years, height 168.4 \u00b1 0.61 cm, body mass 57.69 \u00b1 3.12 kg, and BMI 20.37 \u00b1 1.38) performed the CMJ test without using an arm swing, as well as a 100 m test. Two tensiometric platforms were used for the kinetic parameters and asymmetry. Asymmetry was calculated by an AI equation, and the values of the takeoff velocities and jump height parameters were obtained by integral formula and the trapezoidal rule of impulse-momentum methods. The results show differences in four kinetic parameters: height (G1- 26.82 \u00b1 3.56 cm, vs. G2- 17.45 \u00b1 2.01 cm), concentric impulse, (G1- 96.05 \u00b1 16.95 N\u22c5s, vs. G2- 68.41 \u00b1 4.77 N\u22c5s), takeoff velocity, (G1- 2.29 \u00b1 0.14 m\/s, vs. 1.83 \u00b1 0.12 m\/s), and concentric velocity, m\/s (G1- 1.5 \u00b1 0.175 m\/s, vs. 1.17 \u00b1 0.122 m\/s), as well as a negative strong and very strong correlation between asymmetry and kinetic parameters for three parameters: Peak Force (G1- r = \u22120.878, and all subjects r = \u22120.633), Eccentric Impulse of left leg (G1- r = \u22120.865) and Concentric Impulse of right leg (G2- r = \u22120.878), (p &lt;.05). The younger sprinters did not show the principle of muscle activation in the form of a longer preparatory phase of contact time, eccentric and concentric phase, as well as a force impulse that is optimal. There was no correlation between asymmetry and sprint performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14061130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T02:30:06Z","timestamp":1653964206000},"page":"1130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Countermovement Jump in Female Sprinters: Kinetic Parameters and Asymmetry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7051-9375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Prvulovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Ni\u0161, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"\u010coh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova Ulica 22, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4370-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dra\u017een","family":"\u010cular","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Ru\u0111era Bo\u0161kovi\u0107a 31, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Tomljanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Ru\u0111era Bo\u0161kovi\u0107a 31, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goran","family":"Spori\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Horva\u0107anski Zavoj 15, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzana \u017dili\u010d","family":"Fi\u0161er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Media Communications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koro\u0161ka Cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"The sprint start: Biomechanical analysis of kinematic, dynamic and electromyographic parameters","volume":"22","author":"Coh","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Stud. 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