{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:33:23Z","timestamp":1760229203576,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61771474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The future of mobile communication systems is evolving rapidly toward being more intelligent, while also having the ability to interconnect with everything and be aware of the current wireless environment. For complex scenarios, the asymmetry features of channel state information (CSI) will seriously restrict the performance of the communication system. With its accurate positioning technology and high-speed communication rate, ultra-wideband (UWB) has a promising future as a solution to integrate communication and positioning functions. The traditional CSI channel estimation usually requires channel training, which will greatly increase the overhead of the system. This paper proposes a location information-assisted beamforming to replace the traditional channel training process. First, we use the user location parameter information to reconstruct the channel model and derive the CSI error distribution based on the location distribution. Second, considering the uncertainty of the user positioning error, we model the robust beamforming optimization problem that minimizes the total transmit power. To solve this non-convex problem effectively, we design a new beamforming algorithm by using semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and Bernstein-type inequalities. Finally, simulation results verify the robustness of the proposed robust beamforming compared to the worst-case robust beamforming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14061171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T02:01:44Z","timestamp":1655085704000},"page":"1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Location Information-Assisted Robust Beamforming Design for Ultra-Wideband Communication Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3714-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7948-0531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhegong","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autonomous Systems and Robotics Lab, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"given":"Shiyin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.010.2100152","article-title":"Integrating Sensing and Communications for Ubiquitous IoT: Applications, Trends, and Challenges","volume":"35","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4038","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2020.2969712","article-title":"Improvement and Testing of Models for Field Level Evaluation in Urban Environment","volume":"68","author":"Fanti","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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