{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:47:04Z","timestamp":1761130024319,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology Taiwan","award":["110WFD0410371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110WFD0410371"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antenna beamforming for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) in an indoor 6G communication system is presented in this paper. The objective function is to maximize the total harvesting power for the SWIPT and WPT nodes with the constraints of the bit error rate and minimum harvesting power. In the study, the power-splitting ratio between harvesting power and decoding information can be adjusted for the SWIPT node. Due to the non-convex problem, we use Self-Adaptive Dynamic Differential Evolution (SADDE) to optimize the designed multi-objective function. We use a symmetric antenna array to study three situations of distance\u2014closer, farther, and similar\u2014between the transmitting antenna and the individual SWIPT and WPT nodes in this paper. Experimental results show that the overall harvesting efficiency is improved, especially in the case of SWIPT nodes closer to the transmitter. The total harvesting power can be improved by 86.7% in the total short-distance case, and by 7.87% in the total long-distance case.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14061268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T21:19:26Z","timestamp":1655673566000},"page":"1268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimization for an Indoor 6G Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4342-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Ching","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer and Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0878-7242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Information and Network Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 333326, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1900-5907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Hsiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer and Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ting","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer and Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94117-1080, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"En-Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer and Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/OJVT.2020.3044569","article-title":"6G Massive Radio Access Networks: Key Applications, Requirements and Challenges","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"IIEEE Open J. 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