{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T05:42:58Z","timestamp":1782625378883,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","award":["RGP.2\/54\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP.2\/54\/43"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Riga surface can be utilized to reduce the pressure drag and the friction of the submarine by stopping the separation of the boundary layer as well as by moderating turbulence production. Therefore, the current symmetry of the work investigates the slip impacts on mixed convection flow containing water-based hybrid Ag-MgO nanoparticles over a vertical expanding\/contracting Riga wedge. In this analysis, a flat surface, wedge, and stagnation point are also discussed. A Riga surface is an actuator that contains electromagnetic where a span-wise array associated with the permanent magnets and irregular electrodes accumulated on a smooth surface. A Lorentz force is incorporated parallel to the surface produced by this array which eases exponentially normal to the surface. Based on the considered flow symmetry, the physical scenario is initially modeled in the appearance of partial differential equations which are then rehabilitated into a system of ordinary differential equations by utilizing the pertinent similarity variables. A bvp4c solver is engaged to acquire the numerical solution. The flow symmetry and the influences of pertaining parameters involved in the problem are investigated and are enclosed in graphical form. The findings confirm that the velocity reduces, and temperature enhances due to nanoparticle volume fraction. A modified Hartmann number increases the velocity and diminishes the temperature. Moreover, the suction parameter enhances the velocity profiles and reduces the dimensionless temperature profiles. The heat transfer gradually increases by diminishing the contracting parameter and increasing the expanding parameter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14071312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T22:50:23Z","timestamp":1656283823000},"page":"1312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Impact of Buoyancy and Stagnation-Point Flow of Water Conveying Ag-MgO Hybrid Nanoparticles in a Vertical Contracting\/Expanding Riga Wedge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2034-1211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umair","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Social Sciences, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurang","family":"Zaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal 75300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2353-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuar","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iskandar","family":"Waini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1676-7700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javali K.","family":"Madhukesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Studies and Research in Mathematics, Davangere University, Davangere 577002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6529-8050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zehba","family":"Raizah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Abha, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3541-9704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Galal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawaser 11991, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Choi, S.U., and Eastman, J.A. (1995, January 12\u201317). Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress 231\/MD 66. Proceedings of the 1995 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition, San Francisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2514\/1.51615","article-title":"The boundary layer heat transfer from a stretching sheet circular cylinder in a nano fluid","volume":"25","author":"Gorla","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thermophys. Heat. 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