{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:48:55Z","timestamp":1760230135690,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Project of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company","award":["5206002000QT","LAPS22003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5206002000QT","LAPS22003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012605","name":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5206002000QT","LAPS22003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5206002000QT","LAPS22003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the improvement of the development level of power systems, high voltage cable trenches are being widely used in power systems. The high voltage cable trench is characteristically strongly sealed, which makes it difficult to find a fire in the trench. In order to judge the development of an early cable fire, the relationship between the ceiling temperature distribution and the location of cable ignition points was studied. According to the idea of symmetry, this paper adopts the experimental method of symmetrical double ignition points, carries out several groups of longitudinally symmetrical cable fire combustion experiments with high voltage cable trenches as the carrier, and establishes an equation for calculating the fitness of the relationship between the ceiling temperature and the distance from the ignition point. The results show that the temperature measurement results of the 1:1 high voltage cable trench experimental platform are accurate; in the longitudinal direction, the ceiling temperature decreases from the ignition point to both sides, and the temperature change curve has obvious stage characteristics; within a range of 5 m from the expected ignition point, the average identification accuracy reaches 97.0%. In the early stage of a substation cable trench fire, the two-point temperature measurement and ignition point identification method of high voltage cable trenches based on ceiling temperature distribution proposed in this paper can effectively identify the location of the ignition point along the longitudinal direction of cable trench.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14071417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:06:21Z","timestamp":1657497981000},"page":"1417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identification of the Ignition Point of High Voltage Cable Trenches Based on Ceiling Temperature Distribution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hongmin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9523-3020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}]},{"given":"Yubing","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1438","article-title":"Analysis on current situation of fire and explosion protection technology for cable joint of utility tunnel","volume":"38","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fire Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Application and discussion of fire protection technology based on power cable safety","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electr. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"143","article-title":"Calculation and experimental verification of temperature rise of cable support based on coupling analysis of electromagnetic field flow field temperature field","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"High Volt. Appar."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"65","article-title":"Development of high voltage cable thermomechanical effect monitoring system","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Smart Power"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"77","article-title":"Single phase grounding fault location method of power cable based on time inversion technology","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electr. Power Constr."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"54","article-title":"Application of new comb type cable firewall","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Electr. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"75","article-title":"Study on fast calculation method of steady temperature rise of tunnel cable","volume":"57","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"High Volt. Appa-Ratus"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"109","article-title":"Study on fire safety assessment of urban power cable tunnel","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Wuhan Univ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"41","article-title":"Optimization of cable laying design in Smart Substation","volume":"33","author":"Kuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electr. Power Constr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-014-0385-6","article-title":"Experimental study and application of flame retardant in cable tunnel","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fire Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"53","article-title":"Cable trench fire accident analysis and preventive measures","volume":"1","author":"Tang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ind. Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"3688","article-title":"Simulation calculation of temperature field distribution of high voltage cable joint","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"High Volt. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"28","article-title":"Fault causes and Countermeasures of high voltage cable intermediate joint","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Priv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1194","article-title":"On line monitoring and fault diagnosis technology for sheath current of high voltage power cable","volume":"41","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"High Volt. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Yang, Y. (2021). Study on the Temperature Distribution under the Roof of the Comprehensive Pipe Gallery in Case of Fire. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Chongqing Jiaotong University]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Zhou, X. (2021). Experimental Study on Fire Characteristics and Temperature Field Distribution of Linear Fire in Comprehensive Pipe Gallery. [Master\u2019s Thesis, China University of Mining and Technology]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2017.11.032","article-title":"Experimental studies on fire-induced temperature distribution below ceiling in a longitudinal ventilated metro tunnel","volume":"72","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. Inc. Trenchless Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2013.09.019","article-title":"Ceiling temperature distribution and smoke diffusion in tunnel fires with natural ventilation","volume":"62","author":"Kashef","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2015.12.019","article-title":"Ceiling-jet thickness and vertical distribution along flat-ceilinged horizontal tunnel with natural ventilation","volume":"53","author":"Oka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"SUN, M. (2020). Experimental Study on Influence of Plugging and Nitrogen Injection on Fire Behavior and Temperature Field of Tunnel Fire. [Master\u2019s Thesis, China University of Mining and Technology]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2011.02.002","article-title":"The maximum temperature of buoyancy-driven smoke flow beneath the ceiling in tunnel fires","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/7\/1417\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:47:38Z","timestamp":1760140058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/7\/1417"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["sym14071417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym14071417","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]]}}}