{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:49:57Z","timestamp":1769554197337,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["PNURSP2022R25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R25"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["RGP. 2\/113\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP. 2\/113\/43"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PNURSP2022R25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R25"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["RGP. 2\/113\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP. 2\/113\/43"]}]},{"name":"Saudi Arabia &amp; Deanship of Scientific Research","award":["PNURSP2022R25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R25"]}]},{"name":"Saudi Arabia &amp; Deanship of Scientific Research","award":["RGP. 2\/113\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP. 2\/113\/43"]}]},{"name":"King Khalid University","award":["PNURSP2022R25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R25"]}]},{"name":"King Khalid University","award":["RGP. 2\/113\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP. 2\/113\/43"]}]},{"name":"KSA","award":["PNURSP2022R25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R25"]}]},{"name":"KSA","award":["RGP. 2\/113\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP. 2\/113\/43"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Z-configurated isomers are kinetically preferred molecules. Compounds with Z-configuration are contained in many natural products, biologically active compounds and as synthons for organic synthesis. Two series of new thiazole-based analogs were synthesized from appropriate starting materials hydrazinecarbothioamide derivatives (Z)-2a,b to be evaluated for their inhibitory activity towards VEGFR-2. The prepared thiazole compounds 3a-5b were screened for their cytotoxic potency against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and their percentage inhibition against VEGFR-2. Compound 4d exhibited good VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity. A DNA flow cytometry analysis was conducted, and compound 4d demonstrated cell cycle arrest at the G1 and G2\/M phases of the cell cycle profile and an apoptosis-inducing effect by increasing the percentage of pre-G1 phase. Compound 4d was further evaluated for its apoptosis-inducing effect by studying the effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and p53 activation. It was found to boost the level of p53 and reduce the level of MMP compared with the untreated control cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14091814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:19:01Z","timestamp":1662077941000},"page":"1814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Screening of New Thiazole Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents through VEGFR-2 Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tarfah","family":"Al-Warhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Matokah","family":"Abualnaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Al Mukarrama 24381, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Ola A.","family":"Abu Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Najiah M.","family":"Alyamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7754-2524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahmy G.","family":"Elsaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Science, College, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Shati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Science, College, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0774-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Albogami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2916-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman","family":"Fayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9056-0228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali H.","family":"Abu Almaaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2293-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled O.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Wael M.","family":"Alamoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Al Mukarrama 24382, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2026-7373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Islam","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Joufi, F., Setia, A., Salem-Bekhit, M., Sahu, R., Alqahtani, F., Widyowati, R., and Aleanizy, F. 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