{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T17:31:00Z","timestamp":1782754260412,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Education","award":["JJKH20210457KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20210457KJ"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Education","award":["J202210203JSJ02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J202210203JSJ02"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Education","award":["MOST 111-2218-E-305-001\u2013MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2218-E-305-001\u2013MBK"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Education","award":["MOST 110-2410-H-324-004-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2410-H-324-004-MY2"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Jilin Province","award":["JJKH20210457KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20210457KJ"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Jilin Province","award":["J202210203JSJ02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J202210203JSJ02"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Jilin Province","award":["MOST 111-2218-E-305-001\u2013MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2218-E-305-001\u2013MBK"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Jilin Province","award":["MOST 110-2410-H-324-004-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2410-H-324-004-MY2"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["JJKH20210457KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20210457KJ"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["J202210203JSJ02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J202210203JSJ02"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["MOST 111-2218-E-305-001\u2013MBK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2218-E-305-001\u2013MBK"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C.","award":["MOST 110-2410-H-324-004-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2410-H-324-004-MY2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>NBA (National Basketball Association) trading cards are a hot collector\u2019s item, with sales increasing rapidly every year. However, with the popularity of online trading, some sellers have started to intentionally and unintentionally sell imitation trading cards, and even PwC (Pricewaterhouse Coopers) is not immune. However, the PSA (Professional Sports Authenticator), which is the authentication agency, is not liable for this. Faced with the above situation, we moved trading cards online and proposed a blockchain-based anti-counterfeit and traceable NBA digital trading card management system, using blockchain technology to protect digital trading cards, and special digital copyright, to move from relying on other regulators to achieve the fight against counterfeit cards and maintain the security of the digital trading card market. Finally, we analyzed the security of the system and compared it with other methods. Our system uses Hyperledger Fabric to share data while protecting corporate privacy. Proxy re-encryption enables secure and trusted access authorization for digital transaction cards. Asymmetric encryption protects the data and uses signatures to achieve traceability and non-repudiation. Overall, our system solves the problem of counterfeiting and traceability that can occur in the digital trading card process from production to purchase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14091827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T09:51:09Z","timestamp":1662630669000},"page":"1827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Blockchain-Based Anti-Counterfeit and Traceable NBA Digital Trading Card Management System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 413310, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Chen","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4247-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woei-Jiunn","family":"Tsaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Center, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 237303, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 237303, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation, Siping 136000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanbing","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9581-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Yuan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 413310, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, July 22). 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