{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:21:52Z","timestamp":1779888112908,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12072213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12072213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J2019-III-0010-0054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J2019-III-0010-0054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNW2019-JT01-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNW2019-JT01-023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IDAL202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDAL202001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"the National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12072213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12072213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"the National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J2019-III-0010-0054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J2019-III-0010-0054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"the National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNW2019-JT01-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNW2019-JT01-023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"the National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IDAL202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDAL202001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Numerical Windtunnel","award":["12072213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12072213"]}]},{"name":"the National Numerical Windtunnel","award":["J2019-III-0010-0054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J2019-III-0010-0054"]}]},{"name":"the National Numerical Windtunnel","award":["NNW2019-JT01-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNW2019-JT01-023"]}]},{"name":"the National Numerical Windtunnel","award":["IDAL202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDAL202001"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti\/De-icing","award":["12072213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12072213"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti\/De-icing","award":["J2019-III-0010-0054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J2019-III-0010-0054"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti\/De-icing","award":["NNW2019-JT01-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNW2019-JT01-023"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti\/De-icing","award":["IDAL202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDAL202001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A droplet hitting a superhydrophobic surface will undergo the Cassie to Wenzel transition when the wetting force exceeds the anti-wetting force. The critical velocity of the droplet\u2019s Cassie to Wenzel state transition can reflect the wettability of the surface. However, the critical velocity research is still at the microscale and has not been extended to the nanoscale mechanism. A cross-scale critical velocity prediction model for superhydrophobic surfaces with symmetric structures is proposed here based on a mechanical equilibrium system. The model\u2019s applicability is verified by experimental data. It demonstrates that the mechanical equilibrium system of droplet impact with capillary pressure and Laplace pressure as anti-wetting forces is more comprehensive, and the model proposed in this study predicts the critical velocity more precisely with a maximum error of 12% compared to the simulation results. Furthermore, the correlation between the simulation at the nanoscale and the evaluation of the macroscopic symmetrical protrusion surface properties is established. Combined with the model and the correlation, the relationship between the microscopic mechanism and the macroscopic examination of droplet dynamics on the superhydrophobic surface be presented, and the wettability evaluation method of macroscopic surfaces based on the molecular simulation mechanism can be realized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14091891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T22:37:28Z","timestamp":1663108648000},"page":"1891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Study of the Critical Velocity of the Droplet Transition from the Cassie to Wenzel State on the Symmetric Pillared Surface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhulong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1039\/b602486f","article-title":"What Do We Need for a Superhydrophobic Surface? 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