{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T14:36:53Z","timestamp":1771684613381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52009122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52009122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ21E090002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ21E090002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J-202222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J-202222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M712724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M712724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52009122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52009122"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ21E090002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ21E090002"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["J-202222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J-202222"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022M712724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M712724"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Foundation of Zhejiang University City College","award":["52009122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52009122"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Foundation of Zhejiang University City College","award":["LQ21E090002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ21E090002"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Foundation of Zhejiang University City College","award":["J-202222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J-202222"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Foundation of Zhejiang University City College","award":["2022M712724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M712724"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["52009122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52009122"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["LQ21E090002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ21E090002"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["J-202222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J-202222"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2022M712724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M712724"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tunnels and foundation pits are two separate types of excavation that are frequently used in urban settings. Excavating tunnels and foundation pits sequentially around existing pile foundations is becoming more and more prevalent as urban underground space utilization rates increase. The deformation and load transfer mechanisms of the pile group foundation under two asymmetric excavation conditions of \u201cfirst tunnel, then foundation pit\u201d and \u201cfirst foundation pit, then tunnel\u201d are studied from the perspective of the relative positions of the tunnel\u2013pile\u2013foundation pit based on the constant gravity model test and 3D numerical simulation. The result shows: The pile settlement of the front pile (closer to the tunnel) caused by the excavation condition of the \u201cfirst foundation pit-then tunnel\u201d is relatively larger, while the pile settlement of the rear pile (closer to the foundation pit) caused by the excavation condition of \u201cfirst tunnel-then pit\u201d is larger. The transverse tilting of the pile group caused by the excavation of the \u201cfirst foundation pit-then tunnel\u201d is relatively larger. For the front pile, the pile tip resistance generated by \u201cfirst excavation-then tunnel\u201d is about 10% greater than it was before the initial excavation, which is greater than the result of \u201cfirst tunnel-then foundation pit\u201d. For the rear pile, the pile tip resistance generated by \u201cfirst excavation-then tunnel\u201d is about 85% greater than it was before the initial excavation, which is smaller than the result of \u201cfirst tunnel-then foundation pit\u201d. The multiple excavation sequence of \u201ctunnel first-then foundation pit\u201d leads to a larger induced bending moment for the front pile, whereas a larger induced bending moment for the rear pile results from the multiple excavation sequence \u201cfirst foundation pit-then tunnel\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14091928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T03:48:04Z","timestamp":1663300084000},"page":"1928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multi-Effects of Tunneling and Basement Excavation on Existing Pile Group"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9072-0754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongguo","family":"Diao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Safe Construction and Intelligent Maintenance for Urban Shield Tunnels of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310015, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Urban Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310015, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Safe Construction and Intelligent Maintenance for Urban Shield Tunnels of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310015, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Urban Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310015, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinquan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Safe Construction and Intelligent Maintenance for Urban Shield Tunnels of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310015, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Urban Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310015, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Safe Construction and Intelligent Maintenance for Urban Shield Tunnels of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310015, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Urban Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310015, China"},{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Guo, W.D., and Ghee, E.H. 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