{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:15:30Z","timestamp":1760231730884,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"MEYS CR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LM2018129","LQ1601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2018129","LQ1601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministry of Education, Youths, and Sports of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LM2018129","LQ1601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2018129","LQ1601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The involvement of the brain motor system in idiopathic scoliosis remains unclear. In this paper, we question whether the functional connectivity (FC) of the central motor circuitry is abnormal in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and whether it can be modified by flexion of the lower extremities. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 18 patients with a right thoracic idiopathic curve greater than 30\u00b0 (mean angle 49.4\u00b0, mean age 15.3 years, 4 males) and 22 healthy controls (mean age 18.2 years, 4 males) was explored using a 3T MR scanner. We measured their resting-state fMRI: (a) with extended lower extremities; (b) with semiflexion of the left lower extremity and extended right lower extremity, with hip abduction. Decreased FC between the secondary motor area (SMA) and postcentral cortex, pallidum and cuneus, postcentral gyrus and cerebellum, putamen and temporal lateral neocortex was observed in AIS. This pathological connectivity was reversed by lower extremity semiflexion. The FC between cortical and subcortical motor structures is significantly decreased in AIS. The decreased FC of the SMA, basal ganglia, cuneus (a hub structure), and cerebellum indicates the functional impairment of structures involved in regulating muscular tone. FC impairment in patients with AIS appears to be a reaction to the pathological condition. This pathological pattern flexibly reacts to changes in the positioning of the lower extremities, showing that the functional impairment of brain motor circuitry in AIS is reversible. We suggest that the reactivity of cerebral activity leading to brain activity normalization could be used for a rehabilitation program for patients with AIS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14102068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T03:32:56Z","timestamp":1665459176000},"page":"2068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modification of Brain Functional Connectivity in Adolescent Thoracic Idiopathic Scoliosis by Lower Extremities Position"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Chaloupka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Jihlavsk\u00e1 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"University Research Centre for Scoliosis and Spinal Deformities, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Jihlavsk\u00e1 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Mikl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology\u2014CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753\/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology\u2014CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753\/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Repko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Jihlavsk\u00e1 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"University Research Centre for Scoliosis and Spinal Deformities, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Jihlavsk\u00e1 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Rektor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology\u2014CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753\/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200203150-00008","article-title":"Curve prevalence of a new classification of operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Does classification correlate with treatment?","volume":"27","author":"Lenke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-017-2756-1","article-title":"Current insights into the aetiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"137","author":"Latalski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. 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