{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T23:16:19Z","timestamp":1781997379273,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51877066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51877066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The magnetic sensor should acquire a high detection ability over a wide low-frequency (LF) band of 1\u2013100 Hz for biomagnetic measurements due to the large LF noise. This work presents a magnetic sensor with a modulation coil based on the tri-layer symmetrical Metglas\/Quartz\/Metglas laminate for LF magnetic fields detection. The Metglas\/Quartz\/Metglas laminate was fabricated using a rectangle quartz plate with twenty Metglas foils epoxy glued symmetrically. Additionally, the coil can be used to generate modulation voltage. The limit of detection (LOD) of the fabricated symmetrical magnetoelectric (ME) sensor has been measured and optimized without DC bias via frequency modulation technique. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ME sensor can detect a small magnetic field of 11 pT at 1 Hz. Moreover, the Metglas thickness and the modulation voltage also have been optimized and the detection ability of the fabricated sensor has been enhanced with a lower LOD value of 2.7 pT at 1 Hz. This paper provides a symmetrical magnetoelectric sensor using piezoelectric quartz material for LF pico-Tesla magnetic field signals detection. Additionally, the symmetrical sensor without bias can provide a cost-effective and high-performance approach for LF magnetic field detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14102130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T01:44:13Z","timestamp":1665711853000},"page":"2130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Symmetrical Quartz-Based Magnetoelectric Sensor for Pico-Tesla Magnetic Field Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Changxing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenrong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0275-2","article-title":"Advances in magnetoelectric multiferroics","volume":"18","author":"Spaldin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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