{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T03:25:05Z","timestamp":1768015505371,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]],"date-time":"2022-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars of China","award":["51922029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51922029"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars of China","award":["52178316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52178316"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation for General Program of China","award":["51922029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51922029"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation for General Program of China","award":["52178316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52178316"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the membrane effect of geogrid reinforcement was investigated based on numerical simulation to understand the serviceability and deformation of highway piled embankments under moving vehicle loads. The membrane effect of geogrid reinforcement in low embankments (i.e., the ratio of embankment height to pile spacing is less than 1.5) was clearly emphasized. It has been found that the maximum settlement of geogrid occurs in the central area between the piles, and the maximum tension was concentrated at the corner of the pile cap. Due to the attenuation of the soil arching effect under moving dynamic loads and the punching mechanism, the settlement and tension of the geogrid increased considerably by approximately 35% and 23% compared to those under static loads. A parametric study was also achieved, and the results presented that the geogrid reinforcement tension increased by increasing the pile spacing, embankment height and geogrid stiffness, vehicle wheel load and vehicle velocity. It was also found that the reinforcement tension was most sensitive to the pile spacing among all the parameters considered in this paper, whose magnitude increased by approximately 104% as the pile spacing increased from 2.0 m to 2.5 m under dynamic loads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14102162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T05:08:02Z","timestamp":1665983282000},"page":"2162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Membrane Effect of Geogrid Reinforcement for Low Highway Piled Embankment under Moving Vehicle Loads"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunlei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangwei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yancheng Transportation Investment and Construction Holding Group Co., Ltd., Yancheng 224000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:1(44)","article-title":"Numerical Analysis of Geosynthetic-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Earth Platforms over Soft Soil","volume":"128","author":"Han","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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