{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:47:43Z","timestamp":1762508863466,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61774141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61774141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The MoS2 surface plasmon resonance structure is proposed as a THz absorber in this work. The absorber adopts a double layer structure of Archimedean spirals stacked with split rings. In 1.2\u20133.0 THz, the absorption is greater than 92%, and the relative absorption bandwidth reached the value of 85.7%. Due to the circular-like symmetry of the unit, the polarization of the absorber is less sensitive to the incident angle within a certain range. When the incident angle is within 60\u00b0, the absorption in the bandwidth is still greater than 85%. The design efficiency is also significantly improved by the combined method of the equivalent circuit and finite difference time domain. Our work provides new directions for the design of terahertz devices, which is of great importance for various fields including terahertz imaging, detection and sensing, and especially in 6G communication systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14102189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T02:54:25Z","timestamp":1666148065000},"page":"2189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["THz Broadband Absorber Based on MoS2 with Split Rings and Archimedean Spiral Structures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electric Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhifei","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electric Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electric Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011311","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0068979","article-title":"Terahertz (THz) biophotonics technology: Instrumentation, techniques, and biomedical applications","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, B.A., Viphavakit, C., Chitaree, R., Ghosh, S., Pathak, A.K., Verma, S., and Sakda, N. (2022). Optical fiber, nanomaterial, and thz-metasurface-mediated nano-biosensors: A Review. Biosensors, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12010042"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3766","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.003766","article-title":"Multispectral microbolometers for the midinfrared","volume":"35","author":"Maier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207403","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.207403","article-title":"Infrared spatial and frequency selective metamaterial with near-unity absorbance","volume":"104","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1021\/nl9041033","article-title":"Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physe.2020.114526","article-title":"Dual band visible metamaterial absorbers based on four identical ring patches","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. E Low-Dimen. Syst. Nanostruct."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85154","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2992700","article-title":"Study on temperature adjustable terahertz metamaterial absorber based on vanadium dioxide","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25647","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.025647","article-title":"Trapping waves with tunable prism-coupling terahertz metasurfaces absorber","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11482","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.390835","article-title":"Tunable multi-band terahertz absorber using a single-layer square graphene ring structure with T-shaped graphene strips","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2019.05.020","article-title":"Tunable multi-band terahertz absorber based on graphene nano-ribbon metamaterial","volume":"383","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2020.00306","article-title":"Graphene-assisted narrow bandwidth dual-band tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber","volume":"8","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front.Phys."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physe.2019.113840","article-title":"A dual-band metamaterial absorber for graphene surface plasmon resonance at terahertz frequency","volume":"117","author":"Cen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physica E Low-Dimen. Syst. Nanostruct."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2021.111958","article-title":"Design of a tunable monolayer MoS2\/BP based terahertz absorber with six absorption bands","volume":"123","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22149","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.022149","article-title":"Dual-band and polarization-independent infrared absorber based on two-dimensional black phosphorus metamaterials","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.36.002962","article-title":"Tunable and broadband coherent perfect absorption by ultrathin black phosphorus metasurfaces","volume":"36","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"JOSA B"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1007\/s10825-021-01700-z","article-title":"A four-bias three-layer graphene-based THz absorber","volume":"20","author":"Barimani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comput. Electron."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Q., Liu, P., Liu, C., Zhou, Y., and Zha, S. (2019). Graphene-based THz absorber with a broad band for tuning the absorption rate and a narrow band for tuning the absorbing frequency. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9081138"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2021.110996","article-title":"Tunable terahertz broadband absorber based on MoS2 ring-cross array structure","volume":"114","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43593-021-00008-6","article-title":"Hyperbolic metamaterials: Fusing artificial structures to natural 2D materials","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"ELight"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gric, T., and Hess, O. (2018). Investigation of hyperbolic metamaterials. Appl. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/app8081222"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2019.01.068","article-title":"Analytical design of tunable multi-band terahertz absorber composed of graphene disks","volume":"182","author":"Biabanifard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103114","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4868108","article-title":"Investigation of the optical properties of MoS2 thin films using spectroscopic ellipsometry","volume":"104","author":"Yim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193511","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4878700","article-title":"Enhanced absorption of monolayer MoS2 with resonant back reflector","volume":"115","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2017.10.035","article-title":"Active modulation of electromagnetically induced transparency analogue in terahertz hybrid metal-graphene metamaterials","volume":"126","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2020.102951","article-title":"Triple-band perfect metamaterial absorber with good operating angle polarization tolerance based on split ring arrays","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Results Phys."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"063020","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/15\/6\/063020","article-title":"Strongly confined gap plasmon modes in graphene sandwiches and graphene-on-silicon","volume":"15","author":"Francescato","year":"2013","journal-title":"New J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043505","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3549120","article-title":"Broadband terahertz characterization of the refractive index and absorption of some important polymeric and organic electro-optic materials","volume":"109","author":"Cunningham","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.001679","article-title":"Terahertz dual-band metamaterial absorber based on graphene\/MgF 2 multilayer structures","volume":"23","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1109\/22.982223","article-title":"Equivalent lumped elements G, L, C, and unloaded Q\u2019s of closed-and open-loop ring resonators","volume":"50","author":"Hsieh","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Micro. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2009.2028306","article-title":"An equivalent circuit model of single circular open-ring resonators","volume":"16","author":"Elhawil","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3390\/app2020375","article-title":"Electrically small resonators for planar metamaterial, microwave circuit and antenna design: A comparative analysis","volume":"2","author":"Naqui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2005.845211","article-title":"Equivalent-circuit models for split-ring resonators and complementary split-ring resonators coupled to planar transmission lines","volume":"53","author":"Baena","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Micro. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.2016.2643279","article-title":"A broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber based on two circular split rings","volume":"53","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, F., Cheng, Y., and Luo, H. (2020). A broadband tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber based on single-layer complementary gammadion-shaped graphene. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13040860"}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/10\/2189\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:56:21Z","timestamp":1760144181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/10\/2189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["sym14102189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym14102189","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]}}}