{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T19:15:44Z","timestamp":1769282144336,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers","award":["PNURSP2022R163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R163"]}]},{"name":"the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers","award":["KKU\/RCAMS\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KKU\/RCAMS\/22"]}]},{"name":"the King Khalid University","award":["PNURSP2022R163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R163"]}]},{"name":"the King Khalid University","award":["KKU\/RCAMS\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KKU\/RCAMS\/22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In many industries, extremely high-performance cooling is a crucial requirement. However, the fundamental challenge to developing energy-efficient heat transfer fluids required for cooling is insufficient thermal conductivity. In this case, the utilization of nanofluid is effective to overcome these challenges. The current study aims to examine the two-dimensional (2D) stretching wall jet heat transfer fluid flow induced by a water-based alumina nanofluid embedded in a porous medium with buoyancy force. In addition, irregular heat sink\/source and slip effects are assessed. The leading partial differential equations are changed into ordinary differential equations by incorporating similarity variables, then these equations are computationally or numerically worked out via the boundary-value problem of fourth-order (bvp4c) technique. The pertinent factors influencing the symmetry of the hydrothermal performance including friction factor, velocity, and temperature profiles, are illustrated using tables and graphs. The symmetrical outcomes reveal that the velocity declines in the presence of nanoparticles, whereas the temperature uplifts both assisting and opposing flows. Moreover, the friction factor augments due to porosity while the heat transfer rate declines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14102212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:34:30Z","timestamp":1666312470000},"page":"2212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Impact of Irregular Heat Sink\/Source on the Wall Jet Flow and Heat Transfer in a Porous Medium Induced by a Nanofluid with Slip and Buoyancy Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2034-1211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umair","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Social Sciences, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9863-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurang","family":"Zaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2353-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuar","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6724-6783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samia","family":"Elattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0229-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayed M.","family":"Eldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6529-8050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zehba","family":"Raizah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iskandar","family":"Waini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Waqas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1017\/S002211205600041X","article-title":"The wall jets","volume":"1","author":"Glauert","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. 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