{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T07:14:25Z","timestamp":1766733265937,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI)","award":["1333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1333"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Irregular brain activity is of interest to researchers and scientists who are trying to understand, model, compare, and provide novel solutions to existing and challenging issues. Neurological disorders such as epilepsy, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and schizophrenia have been extensively studied. Among those diseases, epileptic seizures are the most commonly occurring ones. In this work, as a simplification of the complete biological operations of the brain, it was viewed as a system that consists of coupled oscillators. This allowed us to examine epilepsy as a pathological manifestation of the system. Emerging behaviors that arise from the spatiotemporal interactions of simple oscillators, namely, Chua\u2019s Circuit, allowed us to observe how irregularities and changes to the coupling parameters of a neuromorphic network affect their synchronization and result in the emergence of epileptic activity. To achieve this, the characteristics of novel nanoelectronic devices, namely, memristors, have been exploited through their integration into two-dimensional crossbar arrays that offer the advantages of reprogrammability, low area, and low power consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14112325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T03:10:46Z","timestamp":1667790646000},"page":"2325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Emulating Epileptic Seizures on Coupled Chua\u2019s Circuit Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1856-1813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafailia-Eleni","family":"Karamani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 671 00 Xanthi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7278-0873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolos-Alexandros","family":"Tsakalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 671 00 Xanthi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8240-484X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios Ch.","family":"Sirakoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 671 00 Xanthi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2015.2395631","article-title":"Memristor-based adaptive coupling for consensus and synchronization","volume":"62","author":"Gambuzza","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2017.2692519","article-title":"Memristor crossbar for adaptive synchronization","volume":"64","author":"Gambuzza","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-017-3805-6","article-title":"Chimera states in ensembles of bistable elements with regular and chaotic dynamics","volume":"90","author":"Shepelev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-020-05910-1","article-title":"Chimera states in ring\u2014Star network of Chua circuits","volume":"101","author":"Muni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.411","article-title":"The brain research through advancing innovative neurotechnologies (BRAIN) initiative and neurology","volume":"71","author":"Bargmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.10.046","article-title":"The human brain project: Creating a European research infrastructure to decode the human brain","volume":"92","author":"Amunts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Brain Mapping by Integrated Neurotechnologies for Disease Studies","volume":"19","author":"Okano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2020.105390","article-title":"Chaotic dynamics in a neural network with different types of external stimuli","volume":"90","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-021-06853-x","article-title":"Review on chaotic dynamics of memristive neuron and neural network","volume":"106","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muscinelli, S.P., Gerstner, W., and Schwalger, T. (2019). How single neuron properties shape chaotic dynamics and signal transmission in random neural networks. PLoS Comput. Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007122"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10065","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12101-y","article-title":"Simulating epileptic seizures using the bidomain model","volume":"12","author":"Schreiner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2003.12005.x","article-title":"Epilepsies as dynamical diseases of brain systems: Basic models of the transition between normal and epileptic activity","volume":"44","author":"Blanes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2018.09.003","article-title":"Chimera states in neuronal networks: A review","volume":"28","author":"Majhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Life Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9601(90)90136-C","article-title":"Chaotic neural networks","volume":"144","author":"Aihara","year":"1990","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2003.09.011","article-title":"Is there chaos in the brain? II. Experimental evidence and related models","volume":"326","author":"Korn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"FitzHugh, R. (1969). Mathematical models of excitation and propagation in nerve. Biol. Eng., 1\u201385."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izhikevich, E.M. (2007). Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience, MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2526.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0375-9601(99)00816-6","article-title":"Phase synchronization in two coupled chaotic neurons","volume":"264","author":"Shuai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5692","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.81.5692","article-title":"Synchronous behavior of two coupled biological neurons","volume":"81","author":"Elson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"395","article-title":"A new chaotic network model for epilepsy","volume":"346","author":"Panahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2017.10.028","article-title":"Modeling of epilepsy based on chaotic artificial neural network","volume":"105","author":"Panahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pankratova, E.V., Sinitsina, M.S., Gordleeva, S., and Kazantsev, V.B. (2022). Bistability and Chaos Emergence in Spontaneous Dynamics of Astrocytic Calcium Concentration. Mathematics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/math10081337"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsakalos, K.A., Ntinas, V., Karamani, R.E., Fyrigos, I.A., Chatzinikolaou, T.P., Vasileiadis, N., Dimitrakis, P., Provata, A., and Sirakoulis, G.C. (2021, January 22\u201328). Emergence of Chimera States with Re-programmable Memristor Crossbar Arrays. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Daegu, Republic of Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS51556.2021.9401669"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.03.003","article-title":"The descriptive epidemiology of epilepsy\u2014A review","volume":"85","author":"Banerjee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550","article-title":"ILAE official report: A practical clinical definition of epilepsy","volume":"55","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004764","article-title":"A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve","volume":"117","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Ba\u015far, E. (2012). Chaos in Brain Function: Containing Original Chapters by E. Basar and TH Bullock and Topical Articles Reprinted from the Springer Series in Brain Dynamics, Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2012.10.010","article-title":"Structure out of chaos: Functional brain network analysis with EEG, MEG, and functional MRI","volume":"23","author":"Stam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.07.135","article-title":"Order and chaos in the brain: Fractal time series analysis of the EEG activity during a cognitive problem solving task","volume":"55","author":"Palominos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00397","article-title":"Universal features of correlated bursty behaviour","volume":"2","author":"Karsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/107385849600200213","article-title":"Chaos theory and epilepsy","volume":"2","author":"Iasemidis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68477-8","article-title":"Adult epilepsy","volume":"367","author":"Duncan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60456-6","article-title":"Epilepsy: New advances","volume":"385","author":"Perucca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii2","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.069245","article-title":"EEG in the diagnosis, classification, and management of patients with epilepsy","volume":"76","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2013.02.014","article-title":"Automated EEG analysis of epilepsy: A review","volume":"45","author":"Acharya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knowl. Syst."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1179\/016164104773026534","article-title":"A neural-network-based detection of epilepsy","volume":"26","author":"Nigam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2022.3185584","article-title":"Seizure Detection and Prediction by Parallel Memristive Convolutional Neural Networks","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2020.102106","article-title":"FPGA-based real-time epileptic seizure classification using Artificial Neural Network","volume":"62","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Investigation of a Chaotic Spiking Neuron Model","volume":"99","author":"Alhawarat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timofeev, I., Bazhenov, M., Seigneur, J., and Sejnowski, T. (2012). Neuronal synchronization and thalamocortical rhythms in sleep, wake and epilepsy, Jasper\u2019s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet].","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199746545.003.0013"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250229","DOI":"10.1142\/S021812741250229X","article-title":"Simulation of healthy and epileptiform brain activity using cellular automata","volume":"22","author":"Tsoutsouras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karamani, R.E., Fyrigos, I.A., Ntinas, V., Vourkas, I., Sirakoulis, G.C., and Rubio, A. (2018, January 27\u201330). Memristive cellular automata for modeling of epileptic brain activity. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Florence, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2018.8351805"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1109\/31.7600","article-title":"Cellular neural networks: Theory","volume":"35","author":"Chua","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.344","article-title":"Automated detection of a preseizure state: Non-linear EEG analysis in epilepsy by Cellular Nonlinear Networks and Volterra systems","volume":"34","author":"Tetzlaff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gollas, F., and Tetzlaff, R. (2009, January 4\u20136). Spatio-temporal analysis of brain electrical activity in epilepsy based on cellular nonlinear networks. Proceedings of the Bioengineered and Bioinspired Systems IV, SPIE, Dresden, Germany.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.821507"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krug, D., Chernihovskyi, A., Osterhage, H., Elger, C., and Lehnertz, K. (2006, January 28\u201330). Estimating generalized synchronization in brain electrical activity from epilepsy patients with Cellular Nonlinear Networks. Proceedings of the 2006 10th International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and Their Applications, Istanbul, Turkey.","DOI":"10.1109\/CNNA.2006.341606"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, J., M\u00fcller, J., and Tetzlaff, R. (2011, January 18\u201320). A new cellular nonlinear network emulation on FPGA for EEG signal processing in epilepsy. Proceedings of the Bioelectronics, Biomedical, and Bioinspired Systems V, and Nanotechnology V, Prague, Czech Republic.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.886766"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doelling, K.B., and Assaneo, M.F. (2021). Neural oscillations are a start toward understanding brain activity rather than the end. PLoS Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001234"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3839","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4636-06.2007","article-title":"Brain oscillations control timing of single-neuron activity in humans","volume":"27","author":"Jacobs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3737-05c.2006","article-title":"The cognitive correlates of human brain oscillations","volume":"26","author":"Kahana","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104488","article-title":"Epilepsy as a manifestation of a multistate network of oscillatory systems","volume":"130","author":"Kalitzin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan-Greene, E., Mareels, I., Freestone, D., Kulhmann, L., and Burkitt, A. (2009, January 25\u201329). A paradigm for epileptic seizure prediction using a coupled oscillator model of the brain. Proceedings of the 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Milan, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2009.5333792"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2190-8567-3-17","article-title":"Mechanisms of intermittent state transitions in a coupled heterogeneous oscillator model of epilepsy","volume":"3","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Math. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1109\/TCT.1971.1083337","article-title":"Memristor-the missing circuit element","volume":"18","author":"Chua","year":"1971","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17785-1","article-title":"Multibit memory operation of metal-oxide bi-layer memristors","volume":"7","author":"Stathopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700570","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.201700570","article-title":"Ultra-Low Power Multilevel Switching with Enhanced Uniformity in Forming Free TiO2- x-Based RRAM with Embedded Pt Nanocrystals","volume":"214","author":"Tsigkourakos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi (A)"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1515\/ntrev-2015-0029","article-title":"State of the art of metal oxide memristor devices","volume":"5","author":"Mohammad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanotechnol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0291-x","article-title":"Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing","volume":"18","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00282-4","article-title":"Memristor crossbar architectures for implementing deep neural networks","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complex Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yakopcic, C., Alom, M.Z., and Taha, T.M. (2016, January 24\u201329). Memristor crossbar deep network implementation based on a convolutional neural network. Proceedings of the 2016 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Vancouver, BC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2016.7727302"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1109\/TNANO.2018.2821131","article-title":"Learning in memristor crossbar-based spiking neural networks through modulation of weight-dependent spike-timing-dependent plasticity","volume":"17","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2021.3123575","article-title":"Memristor Crossbar Arrays Performing Quantum Algorithms","volume":"69","author":"Fyrigos","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-017-0002-z","article-title":"Analogue signal and image processing with large memristor crossbars","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100017","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202100017","article-title":"Memristive crossbar arrays for storage and computing applications","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"786","article-title":"VTEAM: A general model for voltage-controlled memristors","volume":"62","author":"Kvatinsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2012.2215714","article-title":"TEAM: Threshold adaptive memristor model","volume":"60","author":"Kvatinsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Kuramoto, Y., and Battogtokh, D. (2002). Coexistence of coherence and incoherence in nonlocally coupled phase oscillators. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123130","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0021420","article-title":"FitzHugh\u2013Nagumo oscillators on complex networks mimic epileptic-seizure-related synchronization phenomena","volume":"30","author":"Gerster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chaos Interdiscip. J. Nonlinear Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Tsakalis, K., Chakravarthy, N., and Iasemidis, L. (2005, January 12\u201315). Control of epileptic seizures: Models of chaotic oscillator networks. Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Seville, Spain."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1063\/1.166453","article-title":"A coupled ordinary differential equation lattice model for the simulation of epileptic seizures","volume":"9","author":"Larter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chaos Interdiscip. J. Nonlinear Sci."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/11\/2325\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:11:06Z","timestamp":1760145066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/11\/2325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["sym14112325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym14112325","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]}}}