{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T06:27:11Z","timestamp":1763706431032,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A single chronic stress is often considered a potential reinforcer in psychiatric disorders. Lithium and ketamine both seem to ameliorate the consequences of stress. Here, male mice were either injected with lithium carbonate (LiCl), ketamine hydrochloride (KET), or sodium chloride (NaCl; controls) over nine consecutive days. Treatment was followed by 2 h of restraint stress over the first seven days. On the 9th day, 2 h after injection, all animals were tested in the open field, and novel object tests and behavior were analyzed using the toolbox \u2018DeepLabCut\u2019. To exclude an effect of generally altered locomotion activity on turning behavior, further parameters were assessed. Treatment before chronic stress exposure did not influence the total number of turns, nor the direction of turning behavior in the open field and the novel object test. Additionally, general locomotion did not differ. However, mice treated with LiCl showed a stronger turning bias (i.e., larger absolute lateralization quotients) in the novel object test when compared to mice treated with KET. This study underlines the potential of investigating turning behavior as a sensitive and reliable marker of stress reaction. Additionally, analyzing behavioral asymmetries in the context of psychopharmacological treatment can render new insights.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14112352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T02:44:32Z","timestamp":1667961872000},"page":"2352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Analyzing Turning Behavior after Repeated Lithium, Ketamine, or NaCl Injection and Chronic Stress Exposure in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3667-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annakarina","family":"Mundorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44809 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Systems Medicine and Department of Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 21035 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5882-3200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ocklenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 21035 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 21035 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44809 Bochum, Germany"}]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44809 Bochum, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Treatment-Resistant Depression: Therapeutic Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions","volume":"6","year":"2012","journal-title":"Patient Prefer. 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