{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:28:30Z","timestamp":1760232510736,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on fundamental symmetries, molecules cannot have a permanent electric dipole moment, although it is commonly used in the literature to explain the different molecular spectra for heteronuclear and homonuclear molecules. Electric-dipole rotational and vibrational spectra can indeed be observed in heteronuclear molecules, while they are missing in molecules with identical nuclei. This paper shows that the missing spectral features can be explained as an effect of the exchange symmetry for identical particles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14112397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:34:58Z","timestamp":1668393298000},"page":"2397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identical Particles Exchange Symmetry and the Electric Dipole Moment in Molecules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7944-9825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo M.","family":"Tino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, LENS Laboratory, Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, INFN, CNR-INO, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.63.313","article-title":"The electric dipole moment of the electron","volume":"63","author":"Bernreuther","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev. 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