{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T23:34:49Z","timestamp":1778888089263,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PNURSP2022R106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R106"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transverse momentum distributions of inclusive charged particles in pseudorapidity bins with a width of 0.2 are reported for a simulation study of PYTHIA8, Sibyll, and EPOS. The models\u2019 predictions are compared with the experimental measurements reported by the CMS experiment in symmetric pp collisions, allowing the maximum energy for new particle production at s = 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV. While comparing the models\u2019 predictions with the data, we found that the default module of the PYTHIA model reproduced a good prediction of the data because it tuned the lower cut-off phase space parameter of the transverse momentum. In the second place, the EPOS model reproduced predictions that were close to the data, while the Sibyll model reproduced the data in a narrow region of the pT distributions. In addition to that, the fit of the pT distribution of the data by the standard distribution function was used to obtain the effective temperature of the hadronic medium. The effective temperature increased with an increase in the pseudorapidity and had a more significant value at higher center-of-mass energies, which may indicate a change in the reaction mechanism or possible formation of a different phase of hadronic matter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14112401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:34:58Z","timestamp":1668393298000},"page":"2401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Inclusive Charged-Particle Kinematic Distributions at LHC Energies: Data versus Theory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1258-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ajaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2799-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Waqas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5480-128X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Adil Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2271-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haifa I.","family":"Alrebdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6763-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdel-Haleem","family":"Abdel-Aty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 344, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/0550-3213(76)90329-1","article-title":"Multiplicity distributions in nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies","volume":"111","author":"Biallas","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nucl. Phys. 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