{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:33:15Z","timestamp":1761845595724,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"RFBR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-21-00098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-21-00098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation for the advancement of theoretical physics and mathematics \u201cBASIS\u201d","award":["20-21-00098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-21-00098"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigate the phenomenon of electron\u2013positron pair production in intense external backgrounds within the strong-field regime. We perform nonperturbative calculations by solving the quantum kinetic equations, and obtain the momentum distributions of particles created and the total number of pairs. In particular, we analyze the validity of the locally constant field approximation (LCFA), which represents a powerful method for treating inhomogeneous external backgrounds. We consider a combination of two consecutive time-dependent Sauter pulses and thoroughly examine the effects of quantum interference and the role of the Pauli exclusion principle. It is shown that the latter can be approximately incorporated within the LCFA when computing the momentum distributions, while the closed-form LCFA expression for the total particle yield completely disregards Pauli blocking. It is demonstrated that in the presence of multiple turning points of classical electron trajectories, one observes interference patterns in the particle spectra, and the LCFA may significantly overestimate the number of pairs. To further elaborate this issue, we perform the analogous calculations in the case of scalar QED. It is shown that the quantum statistics effects enhance the number of bosons produced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14112444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T03:57:44Z","timestamp":1668743864000},"page":"2444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Particle Production in Strong Electromagnetic Fields and Local Approximations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6585-9922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan A.","family":"Aleksandrov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7\/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2640-3265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis G.","family":"Sevostyanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7\/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2769-6891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir M.","family":"Shabaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7\/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01493898","article-title":"\u00dcber die Streuung von Licht an Licht nach der Diracschen Theorie","volume":"23","author":"Euler","year":"1935","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u00dcber die Elektrodynamik des Vakuums auf Grund der Quantentheorie des Elektrons","volume":"XIV","author":"Weisskopf","year":"1936","journal-title":"Kong. 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D"}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/11\/2444\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:20:52Z","timestamp":1760145652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/11\/2444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["sym14112444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym14112444","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]}}}