{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T02:44:51Z","timestamp":1774579491472,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the past few years, the world has suffered from an untreated infectious epidemic disease (COVID-19), caused by the so-called coronavirus, which was regarded as one of the most dangerous and viral infections. From this point of view, the major objective of this intended paper is to propose a new mathematical model for the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) outbreak by operating the Caputo fractional-order derivative operator instead of the traditional operator. The behavior of the positive solution of COVID-19 with the initial condition will be investigated, and some new studies on the spread of infection from one individual to another will be discussed as well. This would surely deduce some important conclusions in preventing major outbreaks of such disease. The dynamics of the fractional-order COVID-19 mathematical model will be shown graphically using the fractional Euler Method. The results will be compared with some other concluded results obtained by exploring the conventional model and then shedding light on understanding its trends. The symmetrical aspects of the proposed dynamical model are analyzed, such as the disease-free equilibrium point and the endemic equilibrium point coupled with their stabilities. Through performing some numerical comparisons, it will be proved that the results generated from using the fractional-order model are significantly closer to some real data than those of the integer-order model. This would undoubtedly clarify the role of fractional calculus in facing epidemiological hazards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14122583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T02:49:35Z","timestamp":1670381375000},"page":"2583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Numerical Confirmation of a Fractional-Order COVID-19 Model\u2019s Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8443-8848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iqbal M.","family":"Batiha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Queen Alia Airport St. 594, Amman 11733, Jordan"},{"name":"Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Obeidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Irbid National University, Irbid 2600, Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3313-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shameseddin","family":"Alshorm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Queen Alia Airport St. 594, Amman 11733, Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-7151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Hajid","family":"Alsubaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Shaher","family":"Momani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Meaad","family":"Albdareen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Ferjeni","family":"Zouidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences of Muhayil Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Sayed M.","family":"Eldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Jahanshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Tymoczko, D. (2010). 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