{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:52:58Z","timestamp":1771476778650,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology","award":["GZ21114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ21114"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology","award":["52071059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52071059"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology","award":["52192692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52192692"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology","award":["52061135107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52061135107"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology","award":["DUT20TD108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT20TD108"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["GZ21114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ21114"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52071059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52071059"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52192692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52192692"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52061135107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52061135107"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["DUT20TD108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT20TD108"]}]},{"name":"The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["GZ21114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ21114"]}]},{"name":"The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["52071059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52071059"]}]},{"name":"The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["52192692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52192692"]}]},{"name":"The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["52061135107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52061135107"]}]},{"name":"The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["DUT20TD108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT20TD108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Small wind energy harvesting converts aeroelastic vibration into electricity and can provide independent power supplies for low-power-consumption sensors, which are not convenient for replacing chemical batteries frequently. As wind energy harvesters collect sustainable energy from the ambient environment, they are environmentally friendly and energy saving. The most widely adopted wind-induced vibration mechanisms for designing wind energy harvesters are vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping. VIV-based piezoelectric energy harvesters (VIVPEHs) can stabilize the output voltage at low wind speeds, while galloping-based piezoelectric energy harvesters (GPEHs) can operate at high wind speeds and have wide bandwidths. This paper uses a spring to connect the two traditional wind harvesters to constitute a hybrid wind piezoelectric energy harvester (HWPEH). It is expected that the HWPEH can inherit the advantages of both traditional wind harvesters, i.e., it can reduce the cut-in wind speed, as the traditional VIVPEH, and have a broad working bandwidth, as the traditional GPEH. The effects of the mechanical and circuit parameters on the output voltage and power of the HWPEH are investigated and compared to traditional wind harvesters. It has been found that the aerodynamic behavior of the HWPEH can be customized by changing the masses, stiffnesses, shunt resistances, and damping coefficients. The proposed HWPEH can outperform traditional wind harvesters if the system parameters are well tuned.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14122601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T02:20:31Z","timestamp":1670552431000},"page":"2601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Dual-Beam Coupled System for Hybrid Galloping and Vortex-Induced Vibration Energy Harvesting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1878-7572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9625-6956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7856-2009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaowen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmecsci.2017.07.051","article-title":"A two-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric energy harvester with stoppers for achieving enhanced performance","volume":"149","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mech. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100502","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0063488","article-title":"Perspectives in flow-induced vibration energy harvesting","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2021.113991","article-title":"On the use of metasurface for Vortex-Induced vibration suppression or energy harvesting","volume":"235","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2022.115849","article-title":"Novel piezoelectric wind energy harvester based on coupled galloping phenomena with characterization and quantification of its dynamic behavior","volume":"266","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1002\/er.5228","article-title":"Equivalent circuit representation of a vortex-induced vibration-based energy harvester using a semi-empirical lumped parameter approach","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-014-1355-8","article-title":"Piezoelectric energy harvesting from concurrent vortex-induced vibrations and base excitations","volume":"77","author":"Dai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"053902","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4941546","article-title":"Orientation of bluff body for designing efficient energy harvesters from vortex-induced vibrations","volume":"108","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12LT02","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-665X\/ab5249","article-title":"A cross-coupled dual-beam for multi-directional energy harvesting from vortex induced vibrations","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1177\/1045389X211011681","article-title":"Improved theoretical analysis and design guidelines of a two-degree-of-freedom galloping piezoelectric energy harvester","volume":"33","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.114902","article-title":"The state-of-the-art review on energy harvesting from flow-induced vibrations","volume":"267","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105104","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5042774","article-title":"Vortex-induced vibration of finite-length circular cylinders with spanwise free-ends: Broadening the lock-in envelope","volume":"30","author":"Elvin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2017.04.013","article-title":"Impacts of the aerodynamic force representation on the stability and performance of a galloping-based energy harvester","volume":"400","author":"Javed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1177\/1045389X17730927","article-title":"Magnetically coupled dual-beam energy harvester: Benefit and trade-off","volume":"29","author":"Lan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-020-05633-3","article-title":"Dynamics of the double-beam piezo\u2013magneto\u2013elastic nonlinear wind energy harvester exhibiting galloping-based vibration","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2020.112835","article-title":"Hybrid wind energy scavenging by coupling vortex-induced vibrations and galloping","volume":"213","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1177\/1045389X211072520","article-title":"Theoretical Study of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Piezoelectric Energy Harvester under Concurrent Aeroelastic and Base Excitation","volume":"33","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2020.107301","article-title":"A comb-like beam based piezoelectric system for galloping energy harvesting","volume":"150","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1002\/er.5878","article-title":"An experimental study of a two-degree-of-freedom galloping energy harvester","volume":"45","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2014.2308182","article-title":"Equivalent Circuit Representation and Analysis of Galloping-Based Wind Energy Harvesting","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mechatron."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064105","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4792737","article-title":"Comparative study of tip cross-sections for efficient galloping energy harvesting","volume":"102","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012054","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/290\/1\/012054","article-title":"Energy Harvesting from Aerodynamic Instabilities: Current prospect and Future Trends","volume":"290","author":"Bashir","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2003.12.004","article-title":"Coupling of structure and wake oscillators in vortex-induced vibrations","volume":"19","author":"Facchinetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/12\/2601\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:36:26Z","timestamp":1760146586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/14\/12\/2601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["sym14122601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym14122601","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]}}}