{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T08:28:19Z","timestamp":1773390499548,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]],"date-time":"2022-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Science Foundation","award":["21-19-00494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-19-00494"]}]},{"name":"Russian Science Foundation","award":["FSMR-2020-0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSMR-2020-0018"]}]},{"name":"State assignment 2020-2022","award":["21-19-00494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-19-00494"]}]},{"name":"State assignment 2020-2022","award":["FSMR-2020-0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSMR-2020-0018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Symmetric titania nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTs) are a well-known photocatalyst with a large surface area and band edge potentials suitable for redox reactions. Thermal treatment of symmetrical arrays of TiO2 nanotubes in argon was used to change the carbon content of the samples. The influence of the carbon content in the structure of symmetrical TiO2 NTs on their photoelectrochemical properties and photocatalytic activity in the conversion of CO2 into organic fuel precursors has been studied. The structure, chemical, and phase composition of obtained samples were studied by X-ray analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM with energy dispersive analysis. It is established that carbon-related defects in the samples accumulate electrons on the surface required for the CO2 conversion reaction. It has been shown for the first time that varying the carbon content in symmetric TiO2 NTs arrays by annealing at different temperatures in argon makes it possible to control the yield of methane and methanol in CO2 conversion. It is revealed that too high a concentration of carbon dangling bonds promotes the growth of CO2 conversion efficiency but causes instability in this process. The obtained results show a high promise of symmetric carbon-doped TiO2 NTs arrays for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14122678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T06:58:29Z","timestamp":1671433109000},"page":"2678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of Thermal Treatment of Symmetric TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in Argon on Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9122-8603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timofey","family":"Savchuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2014MIET, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Ilya","family":"Gavrilin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2014MIET, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Savitskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2014MIET, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Scientific-Manufacturing Complex \u201cTechnological Centre\u201d, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Dronov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2014MIET, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Dronova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2014MIET, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Pereverzeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2014MIET, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Scientific-Manufacturing Complex \u201cTechnological Centre\u201d, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Tarhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2014MIET, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7687-7250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Maniecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2967-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Gavrilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2014MIET, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4542-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizaveta","family":"Konstantinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2020.08.003","article-title":"Catalytic Conversions of CO2 to Help Mitigate Climate Change: Recent Process Developments","volume":"145","author":"Sahebdelfar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2019.06.009","article-title":"Product Selectivity of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Reactions","volume":"32","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. 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