{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:56:09Z","timestamp":1772168169275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review is about non-Newtonian nanofluid applications for convection in cavities under a magnetic field. Convection in cavities is an important topic in thermal energy system, and diverse applications exist in processes such as drying, chemical processing, electronic cooling, air conditioning, removal of contaminates, power generation and many others. Some problems occur in symmetrical phenomena, while they can be applicable to applied mathematics, physics and thermal engineering systems. First, brief information about nanofluids and non-Newtonian fluids is given. Then, non-Newtonian nanofluids and aspects of rheology of non-Newtonian fluids are presented. The thermal conductivity\/viscosity of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids are discussed. Applications of non-Newtonian nanofluids with magnetohydrodynamic effects are given. Different applications of various vented cavities are discussed under combined effects of using nanofluid and magnetic field for Newtonian and non-Newtonian nanofluids. The gap in the present literature and future trends are discussed. The results summarized here will be beneficial for efficient design and thermal optimization of vented cavity systems used in diverse energy system applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15010041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T04:45:54Z","timestamp":1672116354000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A Review on Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Applications for Convection in Cavities under Magnetic Field"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fatih","family":"Selimefendigil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcrel","family":"\u015eenol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2161-0639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan F.","family":"\u00d6ztop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty, F\u0131rat University, Elaz\u0131\u011f 23119, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Eng., Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4852-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nidal H.","family":"Abu-Hamdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Eng., Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/01457630600904593","article-title":"Heat transfer in nanofluids\u2014A review","volume":"27","author":"Das","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heat Transf. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Choi, S.U., and Eastman, J.A. (1995). Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles, No. ANL\/MSD\/CP-84938; CONF-951135-29."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2377(08)00004-5","article-title":"4 Multiscale Theorems","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Chem. 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