{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:45:38Z","timestamp":1772117138924,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Asian Office of Aerospace R&amp;D (AOARD)","award":["FA2386-16-1-0003 (2016\u20132019)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA2386-16-1-0003 (2016\u20132019)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photons that acquire orbital angular momentum move in a helical path and are observed as a light ring. During helical motion, if a force is applied perpendicular to the direction of motion, an additional radial angular momentum is introduced, and alternate dark spots appear on the light ring. Here, a third, centrifugal angular momentum has been added by twisting the helical path further according to the three-step hierarchical assembly of helical organic nanowires. Attaining a third angular momentum is the theoretical limit for a photon. The additional angular momentum converts the dimensionless photon to a hollow spherical photon condensate with interactive dark regions. A stream of these photon condensates can interfere like a wave or disintegrate like matter, similar to the behavior of electrons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15010158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T05:29:48Z","timestamp":1672896588000},"page":"158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Third Angular Momentum of Photons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Pathik","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 3050047, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 3050047, Ibaraki, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7274-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pushpendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 3050047, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 3050047, Ibaraki, Japan"}]},{"given":"Jhimli","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 3050047, Ibaraki, Japan"}]},{"given":"Ravindra P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantum Science & Technology Laboratory, Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4229-5842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 3050047, Ibaraki, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9696-475X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomonobu","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 3050047, Ibaraki, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9104-517X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subrata","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, NEIST, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8823-4914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anirban","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 3050047, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 3050047, Ibaraki, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221101","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.106.221101","article-title":"Gravity Probe B: Final Results of a Space Experiment to Test General Relativity","volume":"106","author":"Everitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. 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