{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T04:44:27Z","timestamp":1774241067233,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PNURSP2023R59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R59"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The behavior of the Darcy\u2013Forchheimer flow of a double-hybrid nanofluid toward a Riga plate with radiation and heat source\/sink effects is investigated. The two different hybrid nanofluids, (Al2O3 and Ag) and (Al2O3 and TiO2) with a base fluid (H2O), are considered. The governing flow models with accompanying boundary constraints are reshaped into non-linear ODEs by applying the symmetry variables. The reshaped ODEs are numerically computed using Bvp4c in Matlab and the ND solver in Mathematica. The impact of the emerging parameters on the heat transfer, surface shear stress, temperature and velocity profile is scrutinized and expressed in a tabular and graphical structure. It is noticed that the upsurge of the Hartmann number leads to an improvement in the velocity profile. The velocity declines when enriching the porosity parameter. The radiation and Biot number lead to strengthening the temperature profile. The surface shear stress exalts due to a larger modified Hartman number. The radiation and unsteady parameters are downturns in the heat transfer gradient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15010199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T01:30:47Z","timestamp":1673314247000},"page":"199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Darcy\u2013Forchheimer Radiative Flow of a Water-Based Al2O3-Ag\/TiO2 Hybrid Nanofluid over a Riga Plate with Heat Sink\/Source"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Sindhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641048, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3283-4870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazek","family":"Alessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0528-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Eswaramoorthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641048, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6435-2916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karuppusamy","family":"Loganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jamil, F., and Ali, H.M. (2020). Applications of hybrid nanofluids in different fields. 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