{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:58:33Z","timestamp":1760147913663,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, a chaotification technique is proposed for increasing the complexity of chaotic maps. The technique consists of adding the remainder of multiple scalings of the map\u2019s value for the next iteration, so that the most- and least-significant digits are combined. By appropriate parameter tuning, the resulting map can achieve a higher Lyapunov exponent value, a result that was first proven theoretically and then showcased through numerical simulations for a collection of chaotic maps. As a proposed application of the transformed maps, the encryption of B-spline curves and patches was considered. The symmetric encryption consisted of two steps: a shuffling of the control point coordinates and an additive modulation. A transformed chaotic map was utilised to perform both steps. The resulting ciphertext curves and patches were visually unrecognisable compared to the plaintext ones and performed well on several statistical tests. The proposed work gives an insight into the potential of the remainder operator for chaotification, as well as the chaos-based encryption of curves and computer graphics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15030726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T05:53:44Z","timestamp":1678859624000},"page":"726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Chaotification of 1D Maps by Multiple Remainder Operator Additions\u2014Application to B-Spline Curve Encryption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5652-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lazaros","family":"Moysis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nonlinear Systems-Circuits & Complexity, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0235-0878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Lawnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Applications and Methods for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, Kaszubska 23, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1393-0165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis P.","family":"Antoniades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nonlinear Systems-Circuits & Complexity, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3533-2246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kafetzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nonlinear Systems-Circuits & Complexity, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2279-0317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murilo S.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, SUPA, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8763-7255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Volos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nonlinear Systems-Circuits & Complexity, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grassi, G. 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