{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T14:27:49Z","timestamp":1771079269243,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Symmetry is essential in the design of complex systems like the Metaverse Transportation Sys-tem (MTS) and helps ensure that all components work together effectively. In the development of a microstrip diplexer for 5G-enabled IoT and MTS, maintaining symmetry is crucial to achieving flat responses with low group delays. By integrating transportation technology and the Metaverse, the Metaverse Transportation System (MTS) can greatly improve the effectiveness and intellect of transportation systems in reality. To establish a dependable network, it is essential to include 5G-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor networks with a sustainable design that focuses on efficiency and energy conservation. A three-channel microstrip lowpass-bandpass diplexer has been developed for 5G-enabled IoT and MTS implementation. Multi-channel designs are rare due to the complex design process, but this diplexer is very compact at only 0.004 \u03bbg2. All channels have flat responses with group delays of 0.34 ns, 1.7 ns, and 0.34 ns at the lower, middle, and upper passbands, respectively. The lowpass channel has a cut-off frequency of 1.22 GHz, suitable for mid-band 5G applications. Compared to previous work, this diplexer achieves the smallest size, lowest group delay, and insertion and return losses at the lower channel. It consists of a lowpass-bandpass section connected to a band-pass filter analyzed mathematically, and its performance has been verified through simulation and measurement with good accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15040821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T03:17:35Z","timestamp":1680146255000},"page":"821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A High-Efficiency Diplexer for Sustainable 5G-Enabled IoT in Metaverse Transportation System and Smart Grids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5312-6497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad (Behdad)","family":"Jamshidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitn\u00ed 22, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2724-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salah I.","family":"Yahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication and Computer Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Koya KOY45, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4034-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam"},{"name":"School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2056-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Hashemi-Dezaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Center for Electrical Engineering (RICE), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia (UWB), 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0642-6726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah 6715685420, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6063-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Akmal","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajman University, Ajman 00000, United Arab Emirates"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2815678","article-title":"Big data analytics in intelligent transportation systems: A survey","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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