{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T06:50:23Z","timestamp":1769842223784,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current paper recovers cubic\u2013quartic optical solitons in fiber Bragg gratings having polynomial law of nonlinear refractive index structures. Lie symmetry analysis is carried out, starting with the basic analysis. Then, it is followed through with improved Kudryashov and generalized Arnous schemes. The parameter constraints are also identified for the existence of such solitons. Numerical surface plots support the adopted applied analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15050963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T04:01:23Z","timestamp":1682308883000},"page":"963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Gap Solitons in Fiber Bragg Gratings Having Polynomial Law of Nonlinear Refractive Index and Cubic\u2013Quartic Dispersive Reflectivity by Lie Symmetry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1236-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandeep","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anjan","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Physics, Grambling State University, Grambling, LA 71245, USA"},{"name":"Mathematical Modeling and Applied Computation (MMAC) Research Group, Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, National Research Nuclear University, 31 Kashirskoe Hwy, Moscow 115409, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Applied Sciences, Cross-Border Faculty of Humanities, Economics and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, 800201 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yakup","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Biruni University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9121-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luminita","family":"Moraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5934-329X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Moldovanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Faculty of Automation, Computers, Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8350-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"Iticescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6366-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seithuti P.","family":"Moshokoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0008, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorin","family":"Bibicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 59-61 Nicolae Balcescu Street, 800001 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 45512, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2022.170046","article-title":"Optical bullets with Biswas\u2013Milovic equation having Kerr and parabolic laws of nonlinearity","volume":"270","author":"Bayram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1140\/epjd\/e2012-30214-2","article-title":"Wave-particle duality of solitons and solitonic analog of the Ramsauer-Townsend effect","volume":"66","author":"Belyaeva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. 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