{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:12:05Z","timestamp":1760127125339,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]],"date-time":"2023-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics","award":["2023000034","12275300","22033009","LH2019A025","135509215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023000034","12275300","22033009","LH2019A025","135509215"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023000034","12275300","22033009","LH2019A025","135509215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023000034","12275300","22033009","LH2019A025","135509215"]}]},{"name":"Nature Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","award":["2023000034","12275300","22033009","LH2019A025","135509215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023000034","12275300","22033009","LH2019A025","135509215"]}]},{"name":"Project of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province","award":["2023000034","12275300","22033009","LH2019A025","135509215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023000034","12275300","22033009","LH2019A025","135509215"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising approach for mitigating the greenhouse effect arising from anthropogenic CO2 emission. Nonetheless, poor product selectivity associated with electrochemical catalysts is the main technical problem for the application of CO2RR technology. The catalytic performance of nano-catalysts is strongly dependent on their microstructural features. Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) is one of the most effective techniques for studying nanostructural change in an operando way, especially for complex systems and mixed-element catalyst situations. Furthermore, based on the research results of ASAXS, appropriate catalyst components and nanostructures can be designed to achieve stable catalytic performance of the catalyst, promote catalytic reaction rate, or improve catalytic reaction selectivity. In this paper, the basic concept, principle, and applications in different systems of ASAXS are reviewed thoroughly. Finally, the development prospect of ASAXS in the field of electrocatalysis is prospected. It is hoped that this review will further promote ASAXS technology to play a more far-reaching impact in the field of electrocatalytic CO2RR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15051034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T01:32:53Z","timestamp":1683509573000},"page":"1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Its Application in the Dynamic Reconstruction of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Catalysts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Weidong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuehui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaojun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Practice Teaching and Equipment Management, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China"},{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongge","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaohui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Practice Teaching and Equipment Management, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1052-6319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueqing","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090228","article-title":"Modern global climate change","volume":"302","author":"Karl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2248","article-title":"Persistent growth of CO2 emissions and implications for reaching climate targets","volume":"7","author":"Friedlingstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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