{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:27:28Z","timestamp":1780446448446,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Malaya","award":["MG020-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MG020-2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The symmetric nano morphologies, asymmetric electronic structures, and as well as the heterojunctions of the developed photocatalytic systems perform a vital role in promoting light absorption, separation of electron and hole pairs and charge carrier transport to the surface when exposed to near-infrared (NIR) light. In this present work, we synthesized hematite (\u03b1-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) by a facile hydrothermal method and studied their structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the rhombohedral phase of the \u03b1-Fe2O3 NPs, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to investigate symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of the functional groups on the surface of the catalysts. The optical bandgap energy was estimated to be 2.25 eV using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated sphere like morphology. The oxidation and reduction properties of \u03b1-Fe2O3 NPs were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The \u03b1-Fe2O3 NPs were utilized for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under natural sunlight. The experimental results demonstrate that the degradation efficiency was achieved at 33% in 2 h, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant was calculated to be 0.0033 min\u22121.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15061139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T01:36:28Z","timestamp":1684978588000},"page":"1139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity and Electrochemical Properties of Hematite Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Suresh","family":"Sagadevan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Kampus Terpadu UII, Jl. Kaliurang Km 14, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh Poonchi","family":"Sivasankaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju 58330, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Anita","family":"Lett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5551-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Is","family":"Fatimah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Kampus Terpadu UII, Jl. Kaliurang Km 14, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3789-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Getu Kassegn","family":"Weldegebrieal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan P.O. Box 445, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3576-388X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estelle","family":"L\u00e9onard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire TIMR UTC-ESCOM, Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer, CEDEX CS 60319, F-60203 Compi\u00e8gne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6651-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minh-Vien","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3460-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Soga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chakraborty, R., Karmakar, S., and Ansar, W. 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