{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T01:50:14Z","timestamp":1773712214184,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Greece","award":["MIS-5000432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIS-5000432"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigate the prospects for the direct detection of dark matter (DM) particles, incident on the upper atmosphere. A recent work relating the burst-like temperature excursions in the stratosphere at heights of \u224838\u201347 km with low speed incident invisible streaming matter is the motivation behind this proposal. As an example, dark photons could match the reasoning presented in that work provided they constitute part of the local DM density. Dark photons emerge as a U(1) symmetry within extensions of the standard model. Dark photons mix with real photons with the same total energy without the need for an external field, as would be required, for instance, for axions. Furthermore, the ionospheric plasma column above the stratosphere can resonantly enhance the dark photon-to-photon conversion. Noticeably, the stratosphere is easily accessible with balloon flights. Balloon missions with up to a few tons of payload can be readily assembled to operate for months at such atmospheric heights. This proposal is not limited to streaming dark photons, as other DM constituents could be involved in the observed seasonal heating of the upper stratosphere. Therefore, we advocate a combination of different types of measurements within a multi-purpose parallel detector system, in order to increase the direct detection potential for invisible streaming constituents that affect, annually and around January, the upper stratosphere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15061167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T07:49:23Z","timestamp":1685346563000},"page":"1167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dark Matter Detection in the Stratosphere"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7813-9772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cantatore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Universit\u00e0 di Trieste and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5050-8441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serkant","family":"\u00c7etin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2646-9427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marin","family":"Karuza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Photonics and Quantum Optics Unit, Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Center for Micro and Nano Sciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abaz","family":"Kryemadhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, Math & Physics, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1294-1433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Maroudas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Experimentalphysik, Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4713-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaan","family":"\u00d6zbozduman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yannis","family":"Semertzidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7046-2428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin","family":"Zioutas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dark.2019.100371","article-title":"Dark Matter benchmark models for early LHC Run-2 Searches: Report of the ATLAS\/CMS Dark Matter Forum","volume":"27","author":"Abercrombie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. 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