{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:15:49Z","timestamp":1760148949034,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51575238","2022YFD2001202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51575238","2022YFD2001202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["51575238","2022YFD2001202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51575238","2022YFD2001202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term exposure to high levels of vibration and noise can have detrimental effects on the health of tractor drivers. This study aimed to evaluate the subjective comfort experienced by drivers operating large-horsepower tractors. A total of 10 tractors sourced from 5 different manufacturers were subjected to testing. The assessment encompassed three operational conditions, namely, idle, maximum torque, and rated power. Objective measurements, including A-weighted sound pressure level (A-SPL), loudness, sharpness, roughness, articulation index (AI), hand vibration, and seat vibration, were collected. Additionally, subjective comfort evaluations were carried out using a paired comparison test. To predict the subjective comfort of tractor drivers, a novel prediction model was developed by employing a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to optimize a backpropagation neural network (BPNN). The model successfully achieved accurate predictions of subjective comfort, yielding a maximum prediction error of 4.4%. The study findings revealed that vibration had a more pronounced impact on driver comfort in environments with lower-amplitude noise, whereas high-decibel noise exerted a masking effect on vibration-induced discomfort. In conclusion, the SA-BPNN model, utilizing A-SPL, loudness, sharpness, roughness, AI, hand vibration, and seat vibration as objective parameters, effectively predicted the subjective comfort of tractor drivers. This discovery holds significant implications for tractor manufacturers, who can employ the model to optimize the design of tractor cabs and enhance driver comfort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15071317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:25:21Z","timestamp":1687911921000},"page":"1317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Impact of Sound Pressure Level, Loudness, Roughness, Sharpness, Articulation Index, Hand Vibration, and Seat Vibration on Subjective Comfort Perception of Tractor Drivers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7596-6553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Luoyang 471039, China"},{"name":"Luoyang Tractor Research Institute Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471039, China"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Luoyang 471039, China"},{"name":"Luoyang Tractor Research Institute Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471039, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147647","article-title":"A study on vehicle Noise Emission Modelling: Correlation with air pollutant emissions, impact of kinematic variables and critical hotspots","volume":"787","author":"Pascale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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