{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:21:39Z","timestamp":1760149299822,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi","award":["2023-YBGY-025","62203052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-YBGY-025","62203052"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-YBGY-025","62203052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-YBGY-025","62203052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work aims to investigate an asymmetrical NOMA transmission network based on cognitive radio, where both the source and relay nodes of the secondary user are energy limited, and the energy could be harvested from the transmission signal of the power beacon. Considering some particular hardware impairments and asymmetry in the NOMA transmission, the closed-form expressions of outage probability for relay and destination nodes were derived using incremental relay methods. Furthermore, built on the expressions of the outage probability, the throughput performance was analyzed. Finally, the correctness of our theoretical analysis was verified using simulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15071465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T01:21:27Z","timestamp":1690248087000},"page":"1465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outage Performance of Asymmetrical Cognitive Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer Networks Based on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with an Incremental Cooperation Relay and Hardware Impairments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8408-0420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communication, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Anxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communication, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Petroleum Equipment and Electromechanical Engineering, Dongying Vocational Institute, Dongying 257091, China"}]},{"given":"Yuanlong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communication, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2809670","article-title":"A Survey of Mobile Information-Centric Networking: Research Issues and Challenges","volume":"20","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16874","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3146239","article-title":"Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Resource Allocation for Content Distribution in Fog Radio Access Networks","volume":"9","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1800769","article-title":"Data-Driven Intelligent Future Network: Architecture, Use Cases, and Challenges","volume":"57","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700687","article-title":"Cognitive Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with Cooperative Relaying: A New Wireless Frontier for 5G Spectrum Sharing","volume":"56","author":"Lv","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6065","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2999814","article-title":"Opportunistic Adaptive Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Multiuser Wireless Systems: Probabilistic User Scheduling and Performance Analysis","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12055","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3115128","article-title":"On the Application of Cooperative NOMA to Spatially Random Wireless Caching Networks","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3165847","article-title":"Cooperative NOMA-MEC with Helper Scheduling","volume":"26","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, Y., Che, Y.L., Luo, S., and Wu, K. (2018, January 19\u201321). Optimal Wireless Information and Energy Transmissions for UAV-Enabled Cognitive Communication Systems. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS), Chengdu, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCS.2018.8689217"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Gursoy, M.C., and Guvenc, I. (2020, January 10\u201313). Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer in UAV-assisted Cellular IoT Networks. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 17th Annual Consumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC), Las Vegas, NV, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC46108.2020.9045325"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2956167","article-title":"UAV-Assisted Cooperative Communications with Time-Sharing Information and Power Transfer","volume":"69","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, Q.N., Nguyen, N.P., Yadav, A., and Dobre, O.A. (2019, January 9\u201313). Outage Performance of Full-Duplex Overlay CR-NOMA Networks with SWIPT. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Waikoloa, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013279"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3070429","article-title":"Secrecy Outage Performance Analysis of Cooperative NOMA Networks with SWIPT","volume":"10","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5639","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3155358","article-title":"On Performance of SWIPT Enabled PPP Distributed Cooperative NOMA Networks Using Stochastic Geometry","volume":"71","author":"Parihar","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makhanpuri, U., Agrawal, K., Jee, A., and Prakriya, S. (2021, January 13\u201316). Performance of Full-Duplex Cooperative NOMA Network with Nonlinear Energy Harvesting. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Helsinki, Finland.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC50174.2021.9569313"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2924655","article-title":"Outage Performance Analysis for SWIPT-Based Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2955951","article-title":"Outage Performance Analysis for SWIPT-Based Incremental Cooperative NOMA Networks with Non-Linear Harvester","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16276","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3039339","article-title":"UAV-Enabled NOMA Networks Analysis with Selective Incremental Relaying and Imperfect CSI","volume":"69","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.2996782","article-title":"UAV-Aided Multi-Way NOMA Networks with Residual Hardware Impairments","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2018.2832623","article-title":"Joint Impact of RF Hardware Impairments and Channel Estimation Errors in Spectrum Sharing Multiple-Relay Networks","volume":"66","author":"Solanki","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran, X.N., Nguyen, B.C., and Tran, D.T. (2019, January 21\u201322). Outage probability of two-way full-duplex relay system with hardware impairments. Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Signal Processing, Telecommunications & Computing (SigTelCom), Hanoi, Vietnam.","DOI":"10.1109\/SIGTELCOM.2019.8696213"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13532","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3030134","article-title":"System Outage Probability of PS-SWIPT Enabled Two-Way AF Relaying with Hardware Impairments","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3134815","article-title":"Effects of Hardware Impairments on IRS-Enabled MISO Wireless Communication Systems","volume":"26","author":"Hamdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, S.Q., Vu, T.H., and Kim, S. (2022, January 20\u201322). Residual Transceiver Hardware Impairment and Imperfect Interference Cancellation with Two Way-enabled RIS Systems. Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC), Hanoi, Vietnam.","DOI":"10.1109\/ATC55345.2022.9943035"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Gradshteyn, I.S., and Ryzhik, I.M. (2007). Table of Integrals, Series, and Products, Academic Press. [7th ed.]."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/15\/7\/1465\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:17:50Z","timestamp":1760127470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/15\/7\/1465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["sym15071465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym15071465","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]}}}