{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T02:46:53Z","timestamp":1776653213460,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Computational Modeling, Chennai Institute of Technology, India","award":["CIT\/CCM\/2023\/RP\/017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIT\/CCM\/2023\/RP\/017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The physiological system loses thermal energy to nearby cells via the bloodstream. Such energy loss can result in sudden death, severe hypothermia, anemia, high or low blood pressure, and heart surgery. Gold and iron oxide nanoparticles are significant in cancer treatment. Thus, there is a growing interest among biomedical engineers and clinicians in the study of entropy production as a means of quantifying energy dissipation in biological systems. The present study provides a novel implementation of an intelligent numerical computing solver based on an MLP feed-forward backpropagation ANN with the Levenberg\u2013Marquard algorithm to interpret the Cattaneo\u2013Christov heat flux model and demonstrate the effect of entropy production and melting heat transfer on the ferrohydrodynamic flow of the Fe3O4-Au\/blood Powell\u2013Eyring hybrid nanofluid. Similarity transformation studies symmetry and simplifies PDEs to ODEs. The MATLAB program bvp4c is used to solve the nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations. Graphs illustrate the impact of a wide range of physical factors on variables, including velocity, temperature, entropy generation, local skin friction coefficient, and heat transfer rate. The artificial neural network model engages in a process of data selection, network construction, training, and evaluation through the use of mean square error. The ferromagnetic parameter, porosity parameter, distance from origin to magnetic dipole, inertia coefficient, dimensionless Curie temperature ratio, fluid parameters, Eckert number, thermal radiation, heat source, thermal relaxation parameter, and latent heat of the fluid parameter are taken as input data, and the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate are taken as output data. A total of sixty data collections were used for the purpose of testing, certifying, and training the ANN model. From the results, it is found that the fluid temperature declines when the thermal relaxation parameter is improved. The latent heat of the fluid parameter impacts the entropy generation and Bejan number. There is a less significant impact on the heat transfer rate of the hybrid nanofluid over the sheet on the melting heat transfer parameter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15081503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T01:28:46Z","timestamp":1690766926000},"page":"1503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Numerical and Machine Learning Approach for Fe3O4-Au\/Blood Hybrid Nanofluid Flow in a Melting\/Non-Melting Heat Transfer Surface with Entropy Generation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shaik","family":"Jakeer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Modeling, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai 600069, India"}]},{"given":"Sathishkumar Veerappampalayam","family":"Easwaramoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5501-570X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seethi Reddy Reddisekhar","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Bowrampet, Hyderabad 500043, India"}]},{"given":"Hayath Thameem","family":"Basha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/154427a0","article-title":"Mechanisms for the relaxation theory of viscosity","volume":"154","author":"Powell","year":"1944","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/16583655.2018.1549530","article-title":"Effect of joule heating and MHD on peristaltic blood flow of Eyring\u2013Powell nanofluid in a non-uniform channel","volume":"13","author":"Asha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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