{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:50:11Z","timestamp":1765295411509,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019286","name":"Ajman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-IRG-HBS-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-IRG-HBS-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We analyze the transverse momentum (pT) spectra of \u03c0+, \u03c0\u2212, K+, K\u2212, p, p\u00af, \u039b, \u039b\u00af, \u039e, \u039e\u00af, \u03a9\u2212, \u03a9\u00af+ or \u03a9\u2212+\u03a9\u00af+ in different centrality intervals in gold\u2013gold (Au\u2013Au) and lead\u2013lead (Pb\u2013Pb) symmetric collisions at 200 GeV and 2.76 TeV, respectively, by Tsallis\u2013Pareto-type function. Proton\u2013proton collisions at the same centre of mass energies are also analyzed for these particles to compare the results obtained from these systems. The present work extracts the effective temperature T, non-extensivity parameter (q), the mean transverse momentum spectra (\u27e8pT\u27e9), the multiplicity parameter (N0), kinetic freeze-out temperature (T0) and transverse flow velocity (\u03b2T). We reported a plateau structure of pT, T, T0, \u03b2T, pT and q in central collisions. Beyond the plateau region, the excitation function of all the above parameters decreases towards the periphery, except q, which has a reverse trend. The multiplicity parameter is also extracted, which is found to be decreasing towards the periphery from the central collisions. In addition, we observed that the excitation function of pp collisions is nearly the same to that of the most peripheral symmetric nucleus\u2013nucleus collisions at the same colliding energy. Throughout the analyses, the same multiplicity parameters for particles and their antiparticles have been reported, which show the symmetric production of particles and their antiparticles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15081554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T12:35:42Z","timestamp":1691498142000},"page":"1554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Excitation Function of Freeze-Out Parameters in Symmetric Nucleus\u2013Nucleus and Proton\u2013Proton Collisions at the Same Collision Energy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Murad","family":"Badshah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4941-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abd","family":"Haj Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2799-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Waqas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1258-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ajaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateen Ullah","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1901-9807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elmuez A.","family":"Dawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Adil Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-970X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atef","family":"AbdelKader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Riordan, M. (2019). The Hunting of the Quark: A True Story of Modern Physics, Plunkett Lake Press."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430072","DOI":"10.1142\/S0217751X14300725","article-title":"The discovery of the gluon","volume":"29","author":"Ellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mod. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-3899\/25\/3\/013","article-title":"Signatures of quark-gluon plasma formation in high energy heavy-ion collisions: A critical review","volume":"25","author":"Bass","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/0370-2693(86)91404-8","article-title":"J\/\u03c8 suppression by quark-gluon plasma formation","volume":"178","author":"Matsui","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. B"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/0370-2693(91)91747-J","article-title":"Intermittency parameters as a possible signal for quark-gluon plasma formation","volume":"253","author":"Bialas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. B"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034906","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.89.034906","article-title":"Quark-gluon plasma formation time and direct photons from heavy ion collisions","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06080","article-title":"The quest for the quark-gluon plasma","volume":"448","author":"Stachel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclphysa.2015.02.004","article-title":"The quark-gluon plasma equation of state and the expansion of the early Universe","volume":"937","author":"Sanches","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucl. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclphysbps.2013.09.017","article-title":"Connecting QGP-heavy ion physics to the early universe","volume":"243","author":"Rafelski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012016","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2349\/1\/012016","article-title":"Quark gluon plasma in the early universe expansion with quasi-particle approach","volume":"2349","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahoo, R., and Nayak, T.K. (2022). Possible early universe signals in proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. arXiv.","DOI":"10.18520\/cs\/v121\/i11\/1403-1408"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclphysbps.2013.10.063","article-title":"Studying the Early Universe via Quark-Gluon Plasma","volume":"246","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214003","DOI":"10.1088\/1751-8113\/42\/21\/214003","article-title":"The strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma created at RHIC","volume":"42","author":"Heinz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. A Math. Theor."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Braun-Munzinger, P. (2000). Chemical equilibration and the hadron-QGP phase transition. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054905","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.66.054905","article-title":"Collective flow and two-pion correlations from a relativistic hydrodynamic model with early chemical freeze-out","volume":"66","author":"Hirano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Heinz, U., and Kestin, G. (2006). Universal chemical freeze-out as a phase transition signature. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360-022-03191-8","article-title":"Investigation of the freeze-out parameters in B\u2013B, O\u2013O, Ca\u2013Ca and Au\u2013Au collisions at 39 GeV","volume":"137","author":"Waqas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. Plus"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064909","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.61.064909","article-title":"Dynamics of hot bulk QCD matter: From the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic freeze-out","volume":"61","author":"Bass","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064018","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-3899\/36\/6\/064018","article-title":"Near-thermal equilibrium with Tsallis distributions in heavy-ion collisions","volume":"36","author":"Cleymans","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2017.11.160","article-title":"Different non-extensive models for heavy-ion collisions","volume":"492","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"044903","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.77.044903","article-title":"Non-extensive hydrodynamics for relativistic heavy-ion collisions","volume":"77","author":"Osada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/i2009-10809-3","article-title":"Non-extensive statistical effects in high-energy collisions","volume":"40","author":"Alberico","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. A"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/s10050-021-00464-1","article-title":"Bose-Einstein condensation of pions in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider using non-extensive Tsallis statistics","volume":"57","author":"Deb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. A"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050237","DOI":"10.1142\/S0217732320502375","article-title":"Combined analysis of midrapidity transverse momentum spectra of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons in p + p and Pb + Pb collisions at sNN = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV at the LHC","volume":"35","author":"Olimov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod. Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/i2012-12160-0","article-title":"Relativistic thermodynamics: Transverse momentum distributions in high-energy physics","volume":"48","author":"Cleymans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. A"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.48.2462","article-title":"Thermal phenomenology of hadrons from 200A GeV S + S collisions","volume":"48","author":"Schnedermann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024911","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.81.024911","article-title":"Identified particle production, azimuthal anisotropy, and interferometry measurements in Au + Au collisions at sNN = 9.2 GeV","volume":"81","author":"Abelev","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034909","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.79.034909","article-title":"Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in pp, d + Au, and Au + Au collisions at the STAR detector","volume":"79","author":"Abelev","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/i2017-12238-1","article-title":"Extracting kinetic freeze-out temperature and radial flow velocity from an improved Tsallis distribution","volume":"53","author":"Lao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. A"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"051901","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.79.051901","article-title":"Spectra and radial flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions with Tsallis statistics in a blastwave description","volume":"79","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/i2016-16203-2","article-title":"An evidence of mass-dependent differential kinetic freeze-out scenario observed in Pb\u2013Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV","volume":"52","author":"Lao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. A"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s41365-018-0425-x","article-title":"Kinetic freeze-out temperatures in central and peripheral collisions: Which one is larger?","volume":"29","author":"Lao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucl. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-019-04278-2","article-title":"Initial and final state temperatures of antiproton emission sources in high energy collisions","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1088\/0253-6102\/68\/4\/500","article-title":"Centrality Dependence of K*(892)0 and \u03d5(1020) Production at LHC","volume":"68","author":"Bashir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Commun. Theor. Phys."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"044907","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.101.044907","article-title":"Production of charged pions, kaons, and (anti-) protons in Pb-Pb and inelastic pp collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV","volume":"101","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360-020-00213-1","article-title":"Initial, effective, and kinetic freeze-out temperatures from transverse momentum spectra in high-energy proton (deuteron)\u2013nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions","volume":"135","author":"Waqas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. Plus"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024917","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.92.024917","article-title":"Freezeout hypersurface at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider from particle spectra: Flavor and centrality dependence","volume":"92","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjph.2022.03.034","article-title":"Decoupling of non-strange, strange and multi-strange particles from the system in Cu\u2013Cu, Au\u2013Au and Pb\u2013Pb collisions at high energies","volume":"77","author":"Waqas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99455-x","article-title":"Effects of coalescence and isospin symmetry on the freeze-out of light nuclei and their antiparticles","volume":"11","author":"Waqas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105002","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6471\/ab8dcb","article-title":"Tsallis-thermometer: A QGP indicator for large and small collisional systems","volume":"47","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s41365-021-00945-4","article-title":"Non-extensive statistical distributions of charmed meson production in Pb\u2013Pb and pp (p\u00af) collisions","volume":"32","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucl. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034909","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.69.034909","article-title":"Identified charged particle spectra and yields in Au + Au collisions at sNN = 200 GeV","volume":"69","author":"Adler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"062301","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.98.062301","article-title":"Scaling properties of hyperon production in Au + Au collisions at sNN = 200 GeV","volume":"98","author":"Adams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"ALICE Collaboration (2013). Centrality dependence of \u03c0, K, p production in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN = 2.76 TeV. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"ALICE Collaboration (2013). KS0 and \u039b production in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN = 2.76 TeV. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"ALICE Collaboration (2013). Multi-strange baryon production at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN = 2.76 TeV. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"STAR Collaboration (2006). Identified hadron spectra at large transverse momentum in p + p and d + Au collisions at sNN = 200 GeV. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Abelev, B., and STAR Collaboration (2006). Measurements of Strange Particle Production in p + p Collisions at s = 200 GeV. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"The CMS Collaboration, Chatrchyan, S., Khachatryan, V., Sirunyan, A.M., Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Aguilo, E., Bergauer, T., Dragicevic, M., and Er\u00f6, J. (2012). Study of the inclusive production of charged pions, kaons, and protons in pp collisions at s = 0.9, 2.76, and 7 TeV. Eur. Phys. J. C, 72, 2164."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L.L., Liu, F.H., and Olimov, K.K. (2021). Excitation functions of Tsallis-like parameters in high-energy nucleus\u2013nucleus collisions. Entropy, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/e23040478"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024103","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1137\/aca38d","article-title":"Universal scaling of kinetic freeze-out parameters across different collision systems at LHC energies","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Phys. C"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"075009","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.106.075009","article-title":"Analyses of the collective properties of hadronic matter in Au\u2013Au collisions at 54.4 GeV","volume":"106","author":"Waqas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"095103","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6471\/ac09dc","article-title":"Identified particle spectra in Pb\u2013Pb, Xe\u2013Xe and p\u2013Pb collisions with the Tsallis blast-wave model","volume":"48","author":"Che","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"6674470","article-title":"Study of Proton, Deuteron, and Triton at 54.4 GeV (No. 2103.07852 v2)","volume":"2021","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. High Energy Phys."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034901","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.104.034901","article-title":"Nonequilibrium kinetic freeze-out properties in relativistic heavy ion collisions from energies employed at the RHIC beam energy scan to those available at the LHC","volume":"104","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150061","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218301321500610","article-title":"Analysis of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in nucleus\u2013nucleus and proton\u2013proton collisions at same center-of-mass energy","volume":"30","author":"Waqas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mod. Phys. E"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034909","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.79.034909","article-title":"Systematic Measurements of Identified Particle Spectra in pp, d+ Au and Au+Au Collisions from STAR detector","volume":"79","author":"Barnby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/s10050-021-00380-4","article-title":"Dependence of related parameters on centrality and mass in a new treatment for transverse momentum spectra in high energy collisions","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. A"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125102","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-3899\/43\/12\/125102","article-title":"Disentangling random thermal motion of particles and collective expansion of source from transverse momentum spectra in high energy collisions","volume":"43","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. G"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"044907","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.92.044907","article-title":"Effects of hadronic rescattering on multistrange hadrons in high-energy nuclear collisions","volume":"92","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/i2016-16102-6","article-title":"Kinetic freeze-out temperature and flow velocity extracted from transverse momentum spectra of final-state light flavor particles produced in collisions at RHIC and LHC","volume":"52","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. A"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s41365-018-0504-z","article-title":"Examining the model dependence of the determination of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in small collision system","volume":"29","author":"Lao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucl. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237C","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclphysa.2009.12.048","article-title":"The Horn, the hadron mass spectrum and the QCD phase diagram: The Statistical model of hadron production in central nucleus-nucleus collisions","volume":"834","author":"Andronic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucl. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"084301","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/aabb97","article-title":"Lattice QCD and heavy ion collisions: A review of recent progress","volume":"81","author":"Ratti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rept. Prog. Phys."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883c","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclphysa.2013.02.156","article-title":"The QCD Critical Point: Marching towards continuum","volume":"904\u2013905","author":"Datta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucl. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclphysa.2018.08.025","article-title":"The QCD crossover at zero and non-zero baryon densities from Lattice QCD","volume":"982","author":"Steinbrecher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucl. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034905","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.73.034905","article-title":"Comparison of chemical freeze-out criteria in heavy-ion collisions","volume":"73","author":"Cleymans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Thermal hadron production in relativistic nuclear collisions","volume":"40","author":"Andronic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Phys. Polon. B"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"044904","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.71.044904","article-title":"Hydrodynamical evolution near the QCD critical end point","volume":"71","author":"Nonaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142301","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.142301","article-title":"Indications for a Critical End Point in the Phase Diagram for Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter","volume":"114","author":"Lacey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00019","DOI":"10.1051\/epjconf\/201819200019","article-title":"QCD critical end point from a realistic PNJL model","volume":"192","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"EPJ Web Conf."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/15\/8\/1554\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:28:01Z","timestamp":1760128081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/15\/8\/1554"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["sym15081554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym15081554","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]}}}