{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:21:47Z","timestamp":1778606507055,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project number","award":["RSPD2023R909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2023R909"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["RSPD2023R909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2023R909"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of convection and radiation on the thermal distribution of the wavy porous fin is examined in the present study. A hybrid model that combines the differential evolution (DE) algorithm with an artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed for predicting the heat transfer of the wavy porous fin. The equation representing the thermal variation in the wavy porous fin is reduced to its dimensionless arrangement and is numerically solved using Rung, e-Kutta-Fehlberg\u2019s fourth-fifth order method (RKF-45). The study demonstrates the effectiveness of this hybrid model, and the results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the ANN model with parameters obtained through grid search (GS), showcasing the superiority of the hybrid DE-ANN model in terms of accuracy and performance. This research highlights the potential of utilizing DE with ANN for improved predictive modeling in the heat transfer sector. The originality of this study is that it addresses the heat transfer problem by optimizing the selection of parameters for the ANN model using the DE algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15081601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T09:13:44Z","timestamp":1692350024000},"page":"1601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Analysis of Heat Transfer Behavior of Porous Wavy Fin with Radiation and Convection by Using a Machine Learning Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2535-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru 560035, India"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Nimmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru 560035, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2190-5015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kallur Venkat","family":"Nagaraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru 560035, India"}]},{"given":"R. S. Varun","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru 560035, India"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India"}]},{"given":"Shalan","family":"Alkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Nehad Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.12.027","article-title":"Experimental Investigations of Heat Transfer Mechanisms of a Pulsating Heat Pipe","volume":"181","author":"Jo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2020.115845","article-title":"Numerical Simulation on the Forced Convection Heat Transfer of Porous Medium for Turbine Engine Heat Exchanger Applications","volume":"180","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. 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