{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:18:08Z","timestamp":1770743888787,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project","award":["RSPD2023R909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2023R909"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present article, we investigate the free convective flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid in a two-phase inclined channel saturated with a porous medium. The flow has been propelled using the pressure gradient, thermal radiation, and buoyancy force. The flow model\u2019s governing equations are resolved using the regular perturbation approach. The governing equations are solved with the help of the regular perturbation method. Polyethylene glycol and water (at a ratio of 50%:50%) fill up Region I, while a ternary hybrid nanofluid based on zirconium dioxide, magnesium oxide, and carbon nanotubes occupies Region II. The ternary hybrid nanofluids are defined with a mixture model in which three different shapes of nanoparticles, namely spherical, platelet, and cylindrical, are incorporated. The consequences of the most significant variables have been examined using both visual and tabular data. The main finding of this work is that utilising a ternary hybrid nanofluid at the plate y = 1 increases the rate of heat transfers by 753%, demonstrating the potential thermal efficiency. The overall heat and volume flow rates are amplified by buoyant forces and viscous dissipations and dampened by the thermal radiation parameter. The optimum enhancement of temperature is achieved by the influence of buoyancy forces. A ternary nanofluid region experiences the maximum temperature increase compared to a clear fluid region. To ensure the study\u2019s efficiency, we validated it with prior studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15081615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T08:53:31Z","timestamp":1692608011000},"page":"1615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Free Convective Two-Phase Flow of Optically Thick Radiative Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid in an Inclined Symmetrical Channel through a Porous Medium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6291-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Pavithra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India"}]},{"given":"Pudhari","family":"Srilatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Hyderabad 500043, Telangana, India"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Hanumagowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India"}]},{"given":"Shalan","family":"Alkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Nehad","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Choi, S.U.S., and Eastman, J.A. (1995). Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles, Argonne National Lab. (ANL)."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"643","article-title":"New Polypyrrole-Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Materials","volume":"8","author":"Turcu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2007.06.009","article-title":"Enhancement of Fluid Thermal Conductivity by the Addition of Single and Hybrid Nano-Additives","volume":"462","author":"Jana","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thermochim. 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