{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:12:31Z","timestamp":1770815551023,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51976056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51976056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52076215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52076215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Synergistic interaction between cavitation bubbles and particles is critical for the operational performance of hydro turbines. The jet dynamics near the wall have been extensively investigated; however, the jet dynamics near the particles are not clear. In the present paper, the bubble jet dynamics near a spherical particle are numerically investigated based on a compressible two-phase flow solver considering the effects of heat transfer and mass transfer between the phases. Furthermore, the effect of the distance between the particle and the initial position of the bubble on the jet characteristics is analyzed in detail. Based on the simulations, three typical cases (i.e., jet during the rebound stage, jet pointing towards the particle, two jets facing each other) of jet behavior are categorized together with the range of dimensionless parameters. As the distance between the particle and the bubble increases, the three cases of jet impacts occur in the rebound stage, in the first period, and in the transition from the first period to the rebound stage, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15091655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T02:23:25Z","timestamp":1693189405000},"page":"1655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Numerical Investigation of Cavitation Bubble Jet Dynamics near a Spherical Particle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jinsen","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Jingfei","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, China"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Yuning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Yuning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2014.04.013","article-title":"Hydro turbine failure mechanisms: An overview","volume":"44","author":"Dorji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2012.05.025","article-title":"Synergy of cavitation and slurry erosion in the slurry pot tester","volume":"290","author":"Amarendra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1007\/s12206-023-0421-x","article-title":"Experimental research on the collapse dynamics of the cavitation bubble near two spherical particles","volume":"37","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mech. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4637","DOI":"10.1177\/0954406217753458","article-title":"Entropy Generation Analysis for the cavitating head-drop characteristic of a centrifugal pump","volume":"232","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.11.052","article-title":"A review of microscopic interactions between cavitation bubbles and particles in silt-laden flow","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s42241-022-0018-3","article-title":"Risk assessment of erosive aggressiveness due to the condensation shock by numerical simulation","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hydrodyn."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1063\/1.168744","article-title":"A tensorial approach to computational continuum mechanics using object-oriented techniques","volume":"12","author":"Weller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comput. Phys."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-6058(08)60106-7","article-title":"A high-speed photographic study of ultrasonic cavitation near rigid boundary","volume":"20","author":"Bai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hydrodyn."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, J., Xu, W., Deng, J., Zhai, Y., and Zhang, Q. (2018). Experimental Study on the Impact Characteristics of Cavitation Bubble Collapse on a Wall. Water, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/w10091262"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134103","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0045705","article-title":"Supersonic needle-jet generation with single cavitation bubbles","volume":"118","author":"Reuter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021601","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevFluids.4.021601","article-title":"Fast, thin jets from bubbles expanding and collapsing in extreme vicinity to a solid boundary: A numerical study","volume":"4","author":"Lechner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"093604","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevFluids.5.093604","article-title":"Jet formation from bubbles near a solid boundary in a compressible liquid: Numerical study of distance dependence","volume":"5","author":"Lechner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"016115","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0135924","article-title":"Investigation of cavitation bubble dynamics near a solid wall by high-resolution numerical simulation","volume":"35","author":"Riahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"022010","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/72\/2\/022010","article-title":"Bubble jet impact on a rigid wall of different stand-off parameters","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012105","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4974073","article-title":"Numerical analysis of the jet stage of bubble near a solid wall using a front tracking method","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.2514\/1.J057850","article-title":"Wall-resolved large-eddy simulations of transonic shock-induced flow separation","volume":"57","author":"Uzun","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/s42241-019-0023-3","article-title":"The structure of turbulent flow through submerged flexible vegetation","volume":"31","author":"Huai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hydrodyn."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2023.106815","article-title":"Study on the liquid jet and shock wave produced by a near-wall cavitation bubble containing a small amount of non-condensable gas","volume":"145","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"073314","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0096986","article-title":"Cavitation bubble collapse in a vicinity of a rigid wall with a gas-entrapping hole","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112089002314","article-title":"Optical and acoustic investigations of the dynamics of laser-produced cavitation bubbles near a solid boundary","volume":"206","author":"Vogel","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121525","article-title":"An experimental and numerical study on the dynamical behaviors of the rebound cavitation bubble near the solid wall","volume":"177","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103706","article-title":"Effect of stand-off distance on \u201ccounterjet\u201d and high impact pressure by a numerical study of laser-induced cavitation bubble near a wall","volume":"142","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Multiph. Flow"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2019.104706","article-title":"Physical investigation of the counterjet dynamics during the bubble rebound","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expthermflusci.2018.06.014","article-title":"Experimental investigations of interactions between a laser-induced cavitation bubble and a spherical particle","volume":"98","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2019.03.019","article-title":"Experimental investigations of the particle motions induced by a laser-generated cavitation bubble","volume":"56","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.214501","article-title":"Particle motion induced by bubble cavitation","volume":"114","author":"Poulain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2022.106130","article-title":"Theoretical investigation and experimental support for the cavitation bubble dynamics near a spherical particle based on Weiss theorem and Kelvin impulse","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2020.105252","article-title":"Cavitation bubble interaction with a rigid spherical particle on a microscale","volume":"69","author":"Zevnik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Schnerr, G.H., and Sauer, J. (June, January 27). Physical and Numerical Modeling of Unsteady Cavitation Dynamics. In Proceeding of the Fourth International Conference on Multiphase Flow, New Orleans, LO, USA."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"033323","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0145415","article-title":"A unified theory for bubble dynamics","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, H., Chen, L., and Liang, X. (2022). Numerical Study of the Emission of Acoustic Energy of Single Collapsing Vapor Bubble near a Rigid Wall. Water, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/w14030455"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Weller, H.G. (2008). A New Approach to VOF-Based Interface Capturing Methods for Incompressible and Compressible Flow, OpenCFD Ltd.. Report TR\/HGW."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s42241-022-0017-4","article-title":"Experimental and numerical investigations of the collapse of a laser-induced cavitation bubble near a solid wall","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hydrodyn."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s42241-021-0029-5","article-title":"Numerical investigation of the interactions between a laser-generated bubble and a particle near a solid wall","volume":"33","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hydrodyn."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2017.10.003","article-title":"Curvature computation in volume-of-fluid method based on point-cloud sampling","volume":"222","author":"Kassar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Greenshields, C. (2022). OpenFOAM v10 User Guide, The OpenFOAM Foundation. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00542-019-04724-5","article-title":"Experimental and numerical analysis of three Y-shaped split and recombination micromixers based on cantor fractal structures","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microsyst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2016.12.025","article-title":"The impact of particles on the collapse characteristics of cavitation bubbles","volume":"131","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocean. Eng."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/15\/9\/1655\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:40:17Z","timestamp":1760128817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/15\/9\/1655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["sym15091655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym15091655","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]}}}