{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:33:27Z","timestamp":1760150007194,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1A2C1003121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1A2C1003121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Physical layer secret key (SK) generation is known to be an efficient means to achieve a high secrecy rate, on the condition that dynamic channel state information (CSI) is provided. For this reason, the secrecy performance is highly degraded in a static environment. The intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a promising solution to create dynamic randomness, and thus lead to enhanced secrecy performance regardless of the user environments. This paper proposes an IRS-assisted physical layer SK generation scheme, by efficiently combining phase information of the direct and reflected channel information in a hybrid way. In particular, the initial SKs are obtained by adopting an efficient phase quantization method with symmetric bit allocation to complex numbered channel estimates. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid phase quantization (PQ) can improve the SK generation rate and the key disagreement probability in a static environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15101906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T07:28:44Z","timestamp":1697095724000},"page":"1906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["IRS-Assisted Hybrid Secret Key Generation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Meixiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyue","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Division of Electronics Engineering, IT Convergence Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0817-2790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sooyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics Engineering, IT Convergence Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1109\/18.256484","article-title":"Secret key agreement by public discussion from common information","volume":"39","author":"Maurer","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matth\u00e9, M., and Chorti, A. (2023). Analysis of the mutual information of channel phase observations in line-of-sight scenarios. Entropy, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/e25071038"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.1900107","article-title":"Towards smart and reconfigurable environment: Intelligent reflecting surface aided wireless network","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag. Jan."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2958916","article-title":"Beamforming optimization for wireless network aided by intelligent reflecting surface with discrete phase shifts","volume":"68","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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Commun."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/15\/10\/1906\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:05:35Z","timestamp":1760130335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/15\/10\/1906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["sym15101906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym15101906","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]}}}